{"id":22,"date":"2025-01-10T14:04:18","date_gmt":"2025-01-10T11:04:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.e-me.edu.gr\/a772717\/?p=22"},"modified":"2025-01-20T12:25:16","modified_gmt":"2025-01-20T09:25:16","slug":"oppenheimer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.e-me.edu.gr\/a772717\/2025\/01\/10\/oppenheimer\/","title":{"rendered":"Oppenheimer (\u039f\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03c7\u03ac\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><i><b>\u03a4\u03bf Oppenheimer<\/b><\/i>\u00a0\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1<a title=\"\u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Epic_film\">\u00a0\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u00a0<\/a><a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"\u0392\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Biographical_drama_film\">\u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1<\/a>\u00a0\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 2023 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03ba\u03b7\u03bd\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5<a title=\"\u039a\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1 \u039d\u03cc\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Christopher_Nolan\">\u00a0Christopher Nolan<\/a>\u00a0.<sup id=\"cite_ref-NYT-20231021_8-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oppenheimer_(film)#cite_note-NYT-20231021-8\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">\u00a0[<\/span>\u00a08\u00a0<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>\u00a0\u0391\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5<a title=\"J. Robert Oppenheimer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/J._Robert_Oppenheimer\">\u00a0J. Robert Oppenheimer<\/a>\u00a0, \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0391\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd<a title=\"\u0398\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Theoretical_physics\">\u00a0\u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd<\/a>\u00a0\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03bf\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5<a title=\"\u0388\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf \u039c\u03b1\u03bd\u03c7\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Manhattan_Project\">\u00a0\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03cc\u03c0\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd<\/a>\u00a0\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1<a title=\"\u0392' \u03a0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03a0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\">\u00a0\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0392 '\u03a0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5<\/a>\u00a0. \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 2005<i><a title=\"\u0391\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03b8\u03ad\u03b1\u03c2\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/American_Prometheus\">\u00a0American Prometheus<\/a><\/i>\u00a0\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<a title=\"Kai Bird\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kai_Bird\">\u00a0Kai Bird<\/a>\u00a0\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9<a title=\"Martin J. Sherwin\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Martin_J._Sherwin\">\u00a0Martin J. Sherwin<\/a>\u00a0, \u03b7 \u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Oppenheimer, \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"\u0395\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf Los Alamos\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Los_Alamos_Laboratory\">\u00a0\u0395\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Los Alamos<\/a>\u00a0\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"\u0391\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 Oppenheimer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oppenheimer_security_hearing\">\u00a0\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 1954<\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 24pt;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><strong>\u03a0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03ae<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\">\u03a4\u03bf 1926, \u03bf 22\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c6\u03bf\u03b9\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"J. Robert Oppenheimer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/J._Robert_Oppenheimer\">J. Robert Oppenheimer<\/a>\u00a0\u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ac\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03cd\u03b4\u03b1\u03b6\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"\u039a\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Quantum_physics\">\u03ba\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae<\/a>\u00a0\u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u00a0<a title=\"\u03a0\u03ac\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba \u039c\u03c0\u03bb\u03ac\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Patrick_Blackett\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd Patrick Blackett<\/a>\u00a0\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u00a0<a title=\"\u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039a\u03ad\u03b9\u03bc\u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b6\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/University_of_Cambridge\">\u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Cambridge<\/a>\u00a0\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0391\u03b3\u03b3\u03bb\u03af\u03b1. \u039f Oppenheimer \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd Blackett, \u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03bc\u03ae\u03bb\u03bf, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b1\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03ac. \u039f \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03ba\u03ad\u03c0\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"\u039f \u039d\u03b9\u03bb\u03c2 \u039c\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Niels_Bohr\">Niels Bohr<\/a>\u00a0\u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd Oppenheimer \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u00a0<a title=\"\u0398\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Theoretical_physics\">\u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae<\/a>\u00a0\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u00a0<a title=\"\u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0393\u03ba\u03ad\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/University_of_G%C3%B6ttingen\">\u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 G\u00f6ttingen<\/a>\u00a0\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\">\u039f Oppenheimer \u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u00a0<a title=\"Isidor Isaac Rabi\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Isidor_Isaac_Rabi\">Isidor Isaac Rabi<\/a>\u00a0. \u0391\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u00a0<a title=\"\u0392\u03ad\u03c1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1 \u03a7\u03ac\u03b9\u03b6\u03b5\u03bd\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ba\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Werner_Heisenberg\">\u0392\u03ad\u03c1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1 \u03a7\u03ac\u03b9\u03b6\u03b5\u03bd\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ba<\/a>\u00a0\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0395\u03bb\u03b2\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b1. \u0398\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"\u039a\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Quantum_physics\">\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2<\/a>\u00a0\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u0397\u03a0\u0391, \u03bf Oppenheimer \u03b4\u03b9\u03b4\u03ac\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u00a0<a title=\"\u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039a\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1, \u039c\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03cb\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/University_of_California,_Berkeley\">\u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039a\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u039c\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03cb<\/a>\u00a0\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u00a0<a title=\"\u0399\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf \u03a4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039a\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/California_Institute_of_Technology\">\u0399\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf \u03a4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039a\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1<\/a>\u00a0. \u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"\u039a\u03ac\u03b8\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03a0\u03bf\u03c5\u03ad\u03bd\u03b9\u03bd\u03b3\u03ba\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Katherine_Puening\">\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd Katherine \"Kitty\" Puening<\/a>\u00a0, \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03b7\u03bd\u00a0<a title=\"\u039a\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Communism\">\u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1<\/a>\u00a0, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u00a0<a title=\"Jean Tatlock\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jean_Tatlock\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd Jean Tatlock<\/a>\u00a0, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u00a0<a title=\"\u039a\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u039a\u03cc\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1 \u0397\u03a0\u0391\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Communist_Party_USA\">\u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae<\/a>\u00a0\u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b1.\u00a0<sup id=\"cite_ref-10\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oppenheimer_(film)#cite_note-10\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>\u00a0\u03b1\u00a0<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\">\u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u00a0<a title=\"\u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Discovery_of_nuclear_fission\">\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c6\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c7\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7<\/a>\u00a0\u03c4\u03bf 1938, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af. \u03a4\u03bf 1942, \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u00a0<a title=\"\u0392' \u03a0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03a0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0392' \u03a0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5<\/a>\u00a0, \u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u00a0<a title=\"Leslie Groves\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Leslie_Groves\">Leslie Groves<\/a>\u00a0\u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03cd\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u00a0<a title=\"\u0388\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf \u039c\u03b1\u03bd\u03c7\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Manhattan_Project\">Manhattan Project<\/a>\u00a0\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"\u0391\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b2\u03cc\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Atomic_bomb\">\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b2\u03cc\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03c2<\/a>\u00a0\u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"\u039d\u03b1\u03b6\u03af\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nazis\">\u039d\u03b1\u03b6\u03af<\/a>\u00a0\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ac\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u00a0<a title=\"\u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0392' \u03a0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf \u03a0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/German_nuclear_program_during_World_War_II\">\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2<\/a>\u00a0. \u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u039f\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03c7\u03ac\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"\u0395\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf Los Alamos\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Los_Alamos_Laboratory\">\u0395\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039b\u03bf\u03c2 \u0386\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2<\/a>\u00a0, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\">\u039f Oppenheimer \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 Rabi,\u00a0<a title=\"\u03a7\u03b1\u03bd\u03c2 \u039c\u03c0\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hans_Bethe\">Hans Bethe<\/a>\u00a0\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u00a0<a title=\"\u0388\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03c4 \u03a4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c1\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Edward_Teller\">Edward Teller<\/a>\u00a0\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"\u0395\u03bd\u03c1\u03af\u03ba\u03bf \u03a6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bc\u03b9\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Enrico_Fermi\">Enrico Fermi<\/a>\u00a0,\u00a0<a title=\"\u039b\u03ad\u03bf \u03a3\u03af\u03bb\u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03c4\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Leo_Szilard\">Leo Szilard<\/a>\u00a0\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u00a0<a title=\"\u039d\u03c4\u03ad\u03b9\u03b2\u03b9\u03bd\u03c4 \u039b. \u03a7\u03b9\u03bb\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/David_L._Hill\">David L. Hill<\/a>\u00a0\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u00a0<a title=\"\u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/University_of_Chicago\">\u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf<\/a>\u00a0. \u039f\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Teller \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ad\u03ba\u03c1\u03b7\u03be\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u00a0<a title=\"\u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03ae\u03be\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Effects_of_nuclear_explosions#Fear_of_atmosphere_ignition\">\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf<\/a>\u00a0. \u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u00a0<a title=\"\u0386\u03bb\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c4 \u0391\u03ca\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03b9\u03bd\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Albert_Einstein\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0386\u03bb\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c4 \u0391\u03ca\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03b9\u03bd<\/a>\u00a0\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b2\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u039c\u03c0\u03ad\u03b8 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b8\u03ad\u03bc\u03b1, \u03bf \u039f\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03c7\u03ac\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u00ab\u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03cc\u03bd \u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2\u00bb. \u039f \u03a4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf \u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03cd\u00a0\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"\u0392\u03cc\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1 \u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hydrogen_bomb\">\u03b2\u03cc\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1 \u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 , \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03bf \u039f\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03c7\u03ac\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9.<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\">\u0397 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae. \u039f \u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c6\u03af\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Oppenheimer,\u00a0<a title=\"Haakon Chevalier\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Haakon_Chevalier\">Haakon Chevalier,<\/a>\u00a0\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bb\u03ad\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03c9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u00a0<a title=\"George C. Eltenton\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/George_C._Eltenton\">George C. Eltenton<\/a>\u00a0\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03a3\u03bf\u03b2\u03b9\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2. \u039f Oppenheimer \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Eltenton, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd Chevalier \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03bf.\u00a0<a title=\"\u03a4\u03b6\u03b9\u03bf\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9 \u03a1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b9 \u039b\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c4\u03c2\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Giovanni_Rossi_Lomanitz\">\u039f Giovanni Rossi Lomanitz<\/a>\u00a0\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf \u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03cd \u03be\u03b5\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03bf.\u00a0<a title=\"\u039a\u03bb\u03ac\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03a6\u03bf\u03c5\u03be\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Klaus_Fuchs\">\u039f Klaus Fuchs<\/a>\u00a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03bf\u03b2\u03b9\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\">\u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u00a0<a title=\"\u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03cc\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/German_Instrument_of_Surrender\">\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/a>\u00a0\u03c4\u03bf 1945, \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bc\u03c6\u03b9\u03c3\u03b2\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b2\u03cc\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03c2. \u039f Oppenheimer \u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u00a0<a title=\"\u03a0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0395\u03b9\u03c1\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pacific_War\">\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03b9\u03b6\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0395\u03b9\u03c1\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd<\/a>\u00a0\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c3\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ad\u03c2. \u0397\u00a0<a title=\"Trinity (\u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trinity_(nuclear_test)\">\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae Trinity<\/a>\u00a0\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03a0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b5\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"\u03a7\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9 \u03a3. \u03a4\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Harry_S._Truman\">\u03a7\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9 \u03a3. \u03a4\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd<\/a>\u00a0\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"\u0391\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03b2\u03bf\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03a7\u03b9\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03af\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u039d\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03ac\u03ba\u03b9\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki\">\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b2\u03bf\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a7\u03b9\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03af\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039d\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03ac\u03ba\u03b9<\/a>\u00a0, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd\u00a0<a title=\"\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0399\u03b1\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Surrender_of_Japan\">\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7<\/a>\u00a0\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0399\u03b1\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Empire_of_Japan\">\u0399\u03b1\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/a>\u00a0. \u0391\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03af\u03c9\u03c2, \u03bf \u039f\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03c7\u03ac\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c7\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b6\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2. \u0391\u03c6\u03bf\u03cd \u03bf \u039f\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03c7\u03ac\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c6\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03a4\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd, \u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b5\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c4\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03ba\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\">\u03a9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"\u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae \u0391\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u0395\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u0397\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Atomic_Energy_Commission\">\u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae\u03c2 \u0391\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u0395\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u0397\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd<\/a>\u00a0(AEC), \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039f\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03c7\u03ac\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03ac\u03c7\u03b7, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03b7 \u03b2\u03cc\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1 \u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c1 \u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u00a0<a title=\"\u03a8\u03c5\u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cold_War\">\u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5<\/a>\u00a0\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03cd\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 . \u039f \u03a0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b5\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 AEC\u00a0<a title=\"\u039b\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03b9\u03c2 \u03a3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lewis_Strauss\">Lewis Strauss<\/a>\u00a0\u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd Oppenheimer \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03c1\u03b9\u03c8\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Strauss \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae\u00a0<a title=\"\u03a1\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03ba\u03bb\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Radionuclide\">\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c4\u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd<\/a>\u00a0\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u00a0<a title=\"\u03a3\u03bf\u03b2\u03b9\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0388\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_Union\">\u03a3\u03bf\u03b2\u03b9\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0388\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<\/a>\u00a0\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03ae \u03ad\u03ba\u03c1\u03b7\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03a3\u03bf\u03b2\u03b9\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd\u00a0<a title=\"RDS-1\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/RDS-1\">\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b2\u03cc\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1<\/a>\u00a0. \u039f \u03a3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf \u039f\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03c7\u03ac\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03c6\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03bf \u039f\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03c7\u03ac\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0391\u03ca\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03b9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf 1947, \u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c6\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u00a0<a title=\"\u039a\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03cc\u03c0\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nuclear_arms_race\">\u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03b4\u03c9\u03c4\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7<\/a>\u00a0\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b1\u00a0<a title=\"\u03a0\u03c5\u03c1\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nuclear_holocaust\">\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c6\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf<\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\">\u03a4\u03bf 1954, \u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 AEC,\u00a0<a title=\"William L. Borden\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/William_L._Borden\">William L. Borden,<\/a>\u00a0\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03c4\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c6\u03ac\u03ba\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Oppenheimer \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03b1. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"\u0391\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 Oppenheimer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oppenheimer_security_hearing\">\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03a3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u0391\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2\u00a0<\/a><a title=\"Q \u03b5\u03ba\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Q_clearance\">\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 Q<\/a>\u00a0Oppenheimer\u00a0. \u03a9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf, \u03b7 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u00a0<a title=\"\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kangaroo_court\">\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03cc<\/a>\u00a0. \u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039f\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03c7\u03ac\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b6\u03c5\u03b3\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5, \u03bf \u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03c1\u03c6\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03a3\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03ad. \u0391\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Oppenheimer \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd Jean, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"\u03a1\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8 \u03a4\u03cc\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ruth_Tolman\">\u03c4\u03b7 Ruth Tolman<\/a>\u00a0, \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b6\u03c5\u03b3\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03af\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u00a0<a title=\"Richard C. Tolman\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Richard_C._Tolman\">Richard C. Tolman<\/a>\u00a0. \u0397 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03b2\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03a4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03cd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ce\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03cc\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1 \u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5. \u0391\u03c6\u03bf\u03cd \u03b7 Kitty \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c0\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c3\u03cd\u03b6\u03c5\u03b3\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd Oppenheimer \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03b1, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1\u00a0<a title=\"\u0391\u03bd\u03ac\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Revocation\">\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af<\/a>\u00a0\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b2\u03bb\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\">\u03a4\u03bf 1959, \u03bf \u03a3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u00a0<a title=\"\u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c2 \u0395\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u0397\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Secretary_of_Commerce\">\u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c2 \u0395\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/a>\u00a0. \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"\u03a3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Advice_and_consent#United_States\">\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1<\/a>\u00a0, \u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039f\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03c7\u03ac\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1. \u0391\u03c1\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03bf \u03a7\u03b9\u03bb \u03b1\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03cc\u03ba\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf \u03a3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03b4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039f\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03c7\u03ac\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u039c\u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03ba\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03cd \u03bf \u039f\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03c7\u03ac\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1 \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b6\u03af \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c4\u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd. \u0397 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c8\u03b7\u03c6\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c8\u03b7\u03c6\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac, \u03b5\u03be\u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd. \u03a4\u03bf 1963, \u03bf \u03a0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b5\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"\u039b\u03af\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u039c\u03c0. \u03a4\u03b6\u03cc\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lyndon_B._Johnson\">Lyndon B. Johnson<\/a>\u00a0\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd Oppenheimer \u03c4\u03bf\u00a0<a title=\"\u0392\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03b5\u03af\u03bf Enrico Fermi\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Enrico_Fermi_Award\">\u03b2\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03b5\u03af\u03bf Enrico Fermi<\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 24pt;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><strong>\u03a7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 - \u0397\u03b8\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03af<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><a title=\"\u039f \u03a3\u03af\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd \u039c\u03ad\u03c1\u03c6\u03b9\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cillian_Murphy\">\u039f Cillian Murphy<\/a>\u00a0\u03c9\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"J. Robert Oppenheimer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/J._Robert_Oppenheimer\">J. Robert Oppenheimer<\/a>\u00a0,\u00a0<a title=\"\u0398\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Theoretical_physics\">\u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2<\/a>\u00a0\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"\u0395\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf Los Alamos\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Los_Alamos_Laboratory\">\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 Los Alamos<\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0<sup id=\"cite_ref-Murphy_11-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oppenheimer_(film)#cite_note-Murphy-11\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>\u00a010\u00a0<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><a title=\"\u0388\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03c5 \u039c\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Emily_Blunt\">Emily Blunt<\/a>\u00a0\u03c9\u03c2\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"\u039a\u03ac\u03b8\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u039f\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03c7\u03ac\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Katherine_Oppenheimer\">Katherine \"Kitty\" Oppenheimer<\/a>\u00a0, \u03c3\u03cd\u03b6\u03c5\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Robert Oppenheimer \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03b7\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"\u039a\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u039a\u03cc\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1 \u0397\u03a0\u0391\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Communist_Party_USA\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039a\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u039a\u03cc\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u0397\u03a0\u0391<\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0<sup id=\"cite_ref-12\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oppenheimer_(film)#cite_note-12\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>\u00a011\u00a0<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><a title=\"\u039c\u03b1\u03c4 \u039d\u03c4\u03ad\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Matt_Damon\">\u039f Matt Damon<\/a>\u00a0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03a3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03b3\u03cc\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"Leslie Groves\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Leslie_Groves\">Leslie Groves<\/a>\u00a0, \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u00a0<a title=\"\u03a3\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1 \u039c\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03a3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u0397\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Army_Corps_of_Engineers\">\u03a3\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u039c\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03a3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u0397\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd (USACE)<\/a>\u00a0\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u00a0<a title=\"\u0388\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf \u039c\u03b1\u03bd\u03c7\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Manhattan_Project\">Manhattan Project<\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0<sup id=\"cite_ref-DamonDowney_13-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oppenheimer_(film)#cite_note-DamonDowney-13\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>\u00a012\u00a0<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><a title=\"\u039f \u03a1\u03cc\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c4 \u039d\u03c4\u03ac\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9 \u03a4\u03b6\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1.\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Robert_Downey_Jr.\">\u039f \u03a1\u03cc\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c4 \u039d\u03c4\u03ac\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9 \u03a4\u03b6\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1<\/a>\u00a0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03cd\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"\u039b\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03b9\u03c2 \u03a3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lewis_Strauss\">\u039b\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03b9\u03c2 \u03a3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2<\/a>\u00a0, \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"\u039d\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u0391\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u0397\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Naval_Reserve\">\u03b5\u03c6\u03b5\u03b4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039d\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd<\/a>\u00a0\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"\u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae \u0391\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u0395\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u0397\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Atomic_Energy_Commission\">\u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae\u03c2 \u0391\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u0395\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u0397\u03a0\u0391 (AEC)<\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0<sup id=\"cite_ref-DamonDowney_13-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oppenheimer_(film)#cite_note-DamonDowney-13\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>\u00a012\u00a0<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><a title=\"Florence Pugh\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Florence_Pugh\">\u0397 Florence Pugh<\/a>\u00a0\u03c9\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"Jean Tatlock\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jean_Tatlock\">Jean Tatlock<\/a>\u00a0, \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2, \u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039a\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u039a\u03cc\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u0397\u03a0\u0391 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Robert Oppenheimer.\u00a0<sup id=\"cite_ref-PughMalekSafdie_14-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oppenheimer_(film)#cite_note-PughMalekSafdie-14\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>\u00a013\u00a0<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><a title=\"\u03a4\u03b6\u03bf\u03c2 \u03a7\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Josh_Hartnett\">\u039f \u03a4\u03b6\u03bf\u03c2 \u03a7\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4<\/a>\u00a0\u03c9\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"\u0388\u03c1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4 \u039b\u03cc\u03c1\u03b5\u03bd\u03c2\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ernest_Lawrence\">\u0388\u03c1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4 \u039b\u03cc\u03c1\u03b5\u03bd\u03c2<\/a>\u00a0, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2\u00a0\u03b2\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"\u0392\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u039d\u03cc\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb \u03a6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics\">\u03bc\u03b5 \u039d\u03cc\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb\u00a0<\/a><a title=\"\u03a0\u03c5\u03c1\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nuclear_physics\">\u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2<\/a>\u00a0\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u039f\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03c7\u03ac\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u00a0<a title=\"\u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039a\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1, \u039c\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03cb\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/University_of_California,_Berkeley\">\u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039a\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u039c\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03cb<\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0<sup id=\"cite_ref-FirstLook_15-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oppenheimer_(film)#cite_note-FirstLook-15\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>\u00a014\u00a0<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]\u00a0<\/span><\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-16\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oppenheimer_(film)#cite_note-16\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>\u00a015\u00a0<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><a title=\"\u039a\u03ad\u03b9\u03c3\u03b9 \u0386\u03c6\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Casey_Affleck\">\u039f \u039a\u03ad\u03b9\u03c3\u03b9 \u0386\u03c6\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba<\/a>\u00a0\u03c9\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"\u039c\u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03c2 \u03a0\u03b1\u03c2\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Boris_Pash\">\u039c\u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03c2 \u03a0\u03b1\u03c2<\/a>\u00a0, \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"\u03a3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bd\u03bf\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Military_intelligence\">\u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd<\/a>\u00a0\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u0397\u03a0\u0391 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"\u0391\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae \u0386\u03bb\u03c3\u03bf\u03c2\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alsos_Mission\">\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u0386\u03bb\u03c3\u03bf\u03c2<\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0<sup id=\"cite_ref-17\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oppenheimer_(film)#cite_note-17\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>\u00a016\u00a0<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><a title=\"\u03a1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b9 \u039c\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rami_Malek\">\u039f \u03a1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b9 \u039c\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba<\/a>\u00a0\u03c9\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"\u039d\u03c4\u03ad\u03b9\u03b2\u03b9\u03bd\u03c4 \u039b. \u03a7\u03b9\u03bb\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/David_L._Hill\">\u039d\u03c4\u03ad\u03b9\u03b2\u03b9\u03bd\u03c4 \u039b. \u03a7\u03b9\u03bb<\/a>\u00a0, \u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u00a0<a title=\"\u0395\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Metallurgical_Laboratory\">\u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u0395\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf<\/a>\u00a0, \u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b2\u03bf\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u00a0<a title=\"Chicago Pile-1\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chicago_Pile-1\">\u03c3\u03c9\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf<\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0<sup id=\"cite_ref-PughMalekSafdie_14-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oppenheimer_(film)#cite_note-PughMalekSafdie-14\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>\u00a013\u00a0<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><a title=\"\u039a\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b8 \u039c\u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03b1\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kenneth_Branagh\">\u039f Kenneth Branagh<\/a>\u00a0\u03c9\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"\u039f \u039d\u03b9\u03bb\u03c2 \u039c\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Niels_Bohr\">Niels Bohr<\/a>\u00a0, \u03b2\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u039d\u03cc\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb \u0394\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2,\u00a0<a title=\"\u03a6\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c6\u03af\u03b1\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Philosophy\">\u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c2<\/a>\u00a0\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03bb\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Oppenheimer.\u00a0<sup id=\"cite_ref-18\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oppenheimer_(film)#cite_note-18\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>\u00a017\u00a0<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><a title=\"\u039c\u03c0\u03ad\u03bd\u03b9 \u03a3\u03ac\u03c6\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Benny_Safdie\">\u039f Benny Safdie<\/a>\u00a0\u03c9\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"\u0388\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03c4 \u03a4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c1\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Edward_Teller\">Edward Teller<\/a>\u00a0, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u039f\u03cd\u03b3\u03b3\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03bf \u00ab\u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"\u0398\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03cc\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thermonuclear_weapon\">\u03b2\u03cc\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb.\u00a0<sup id=\"cite_ref-PughMalekSafdie_14-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oppenheimer_(film)#cite_note-PughMalekSafdie-14\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>\u00a013\u00a0<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><a title=\"\u03a4\u03b6\u03ad\u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd \u039a\u03bb\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jason_Clarke\">\u039f \u03a4\u03b6\u03ad\u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd \u039a\u03bb\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba<\/a>\u00a0\u03c9\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"\u03a1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b6\u03b5\u03c1 \u03a1\u03bf\u03bc\u03c0\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Roger_Robb\">\u03a1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b6\u03b5\u03c1 \u03a1\u03bf\u03bc\u03c0<\/a>\u00a0, \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b7\u03b3\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"\u039f\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u0397\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_federal_judge\">\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u0397\u03a0\u0391<\/a>\u00a0\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd AEC \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"\u0391\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 Oppenheimer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oppenheimer_security_hearing\">\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/a>\u00a0\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039f\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03c7\u03ac\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1 .\u00a0<sup id=\"cite_ref-19\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oppenheimer_(film)#cite_note-19\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>\u00a018\u00a0<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><a title=\"\u039d\u03c4\u03af\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd \u0386\u03c1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bd\u03c4\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dylan_Arnold\">\u039f Dylan Arnold<\/a>\u00a0\u03c9\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"\u03a6\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03ba \u039f\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03c7\u03ac\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Frank_Oppenheimer\">Frank Oppenheimer<\/a>\u00a0, \u03bf \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03c1\u03c6\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Robert \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf Manhattan Project.\u00a0<sup id=\"cite_ref-ArnoldHaaskivi_20-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oppenheimer_(film)#cite_note-ArnoldHaaskivi-20\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>\u00a019\u00a0<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><a title=\"\u03a4\u03bf\u03bc \u039a\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tom_Conti\">\u039f \u03a4\u03bf\u03bc \u039a\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9<\/a>\u00a0\u03c9\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"\u0386\u03bb\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c4 \u0391\u03ca\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03b9\u03bd\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Albert_Einstein\">\u0386\u03bb\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c4 \u0391\u03ca\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03b9\u03bd<\/a>\u00a0, \u03b2\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u039d\u03cc\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb \u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"\u0398\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Theory_of_relativity\">\u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2<\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0<sup id=\"cite_ref-21\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oppenheimer_(film)#cite_note-21\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>\u00a020\u00a0<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><a title=\"\u03a4\u03b6\u03ad\u03b9\u03bc\u03c2 \u039d\u03c4' \u0386\u03c1\u03c3\u03b9\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/James_D%27Arcy\">\u039f \u03a4\u03b6\u03ad\u03b9\u03bc\u03c2 \u039d\u03c4' \u0386\u03c1\u03c3\u03b9<\/a>\u00a0\u03c9\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"\u03a0\u03ac\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba \u039c\u03c0\u03bb\u03ac\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Patrick_Blackett\">\u03a0\u03ac\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba \u039c\u03c0\u03bb\u03ac\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4<\/a>\u00a0, \u03b4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03cc\u03c0\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039f\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03c7\u03ac\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b2\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u039d\u03cc\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"\u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039a\u03ad\u03b9\u03bc\u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b6\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cambridge_University\">\u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039a\u03ad\u03bc\u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b6<\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0<sup id=\"cite_ref-22\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oppenheimer_(film)#cite_note-22\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>\u00a021\u00a0<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><a title=\"David Dastmalchian\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/David_Dastmalchian\">David Dastmalchian<\/a>\u00a0\u03c9\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"William L. Borden\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/William_L._Borden\">William L. Borden<\/a>\u00a0, \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b7\u03b3\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"\u039c\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039a\u03bf\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u0397\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0391\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0395\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Congressional_Joint_Committee_on_Atomic_Energy\">\u039c\u03b9\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039a\u03bf\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u0397\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0391\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0395\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1<\/a>\u00a0(JCAE).\u00a0<sup id=\"cite_ref-23\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oppenheimer_(film)#cite_note-23\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>\u00a022\u00a0<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><a title=\"Dane DeHaan\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dane_DeHaan\">\u039f Dane DeHaan<\/a>\u00a0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03a4\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b7\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"\u039a\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b8 \u039d\u03af\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03c2\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kenneth_Nichols\">Kenneth Nichols<\/a>\u00a0, \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Manhattan Project.\u00a0<sup id=\"cite_ref-24\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oppenheimer_(film)#cite_note-24\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>\u00a023\u00a0<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><a title=\"\u0386\u03bb\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bd \u0388\u03c1\u03b5\u03bd\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03c7\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alden_Ehrenreich\">\u039f Alden Ehrenreich<\/a>\u00a0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Lewis Strauss \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c8\u03b7\u03c6\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Strauss \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u00a0<a title=\"\u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c2 \u0395\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u0397\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Secretary_of_Commerce\">\u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc \u0395\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u0397\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd<\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0<sup id=\"cite_ref-EhrenreichKrumholtz_25-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oppenheimer_(film)#cite_note-EhrenreichKrumholtz-25\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>\u00a024\u00a0<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]\u00a0<\/span><\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-Ehrenreich_26-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oppenheimer_(film)#cite_note-Ehrenreich-26\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>\u00a025\u00a0<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><a title=\"Tony Goldwyn\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tony_Goldwyn\">\u039f Tony Goldwyn<\/a>\u00a0\u03c9\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"\u0393\u03ba\u03cc\u03c1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0393\u03ba\u03c1\u03ad\u03b9 (\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gordon_Gray_(politician)\">Gordon Gray<\/a>\u00a0, \u03ba\u03c5\u03b2\u03b5\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b5\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 Oppenheimer.\u00a0<sup id=\"cite_ref-27\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oppenheimer_(film)#cite_note-27\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>\u00a026\u00a0<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><a title=\"\u03a4\u03b6\u03ad\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd \u03a7\u03bf\u03bb (\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c2)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jefferson_Hall_(actor)\">Jefferson Hall<\/a>\u00a0\u03c9\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"Haakon Chevalier\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Haakon_Chevalier\">Haakon Chevalier (\"Hoke\")<\/a>\u00a0, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03b3\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u039c\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03ca \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5 \u03c6\u03af\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd Oppenheimer \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf.\u00a0<sup id=\"cite_ref-28\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oppenheimer_(film)#cite_note-28\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>\u00a027\u00a0<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]\u00a0<\/span><\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-29\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oppenheimer_(film)#cite_note-29\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>\u00a028\u00a0<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\">\u0397 Britt Kyle \u03c9\u03c2 Barbara Chevalier, \u03c3\u03cd\u03b6\u03c5\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Hoke.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><a title=\"\u039d\u03c4\u03ad\u03b9\u03b2\u03b9\u03bd\u03c4 \u039a\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03c4\u03b6\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/David_Krumholtz\">\u039f David Krumholtz<\/a>\u00a0\u03c9\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"Isidor Isaac Rabi\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Isidor_Isaac_Rabi\">Isidor Isaac Rabi<\/a>\u00a0, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf Manhattan Project.\u00a0<sup id=\"cite_ref-EhrenreichKrumholtz_25-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oppenheimer_(film)#cite_note-EhrenreichKrumholtz-25\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>\u00a024\u00a0<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><a title=\"\u039c\u03ac\u03b8\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5 \u039c\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac\u03b9\u03bd\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Matthew_Modine\">Matthew Modine<\/a>\u00a0\u03c9\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"\u0392\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03b2\u03ac\u03c1 \u039c\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vannevar_Bush\">Vannevar Bush<\/a>\u00a0, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u00a0<a title=\"\u0393\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u0388\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u0391\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03c2\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Office_of_Scientific_Research_and_Development\">\u0393\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u0388\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u0391\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03c2<\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0<sup id=\"cite_ref-30\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oppenheimer_(film)#cite_note-30\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>\u00a029\u00a0<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><a title=\"\u03a3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c4 \u0393\u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03b9\u03bc\u03c2\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Scott_Grimes\">\u039f Scott Grimes<\/a>\u00a0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Lewis Strauss\u00a0<sup id=\"cite_ref-GrimesDenham_31-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oppenheimer_(film)#cite_note-GrimesDenham-31\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>\u00a030\u00a0<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\">\u039f Kurt Koehler \u03c9\u03c2 Thomas A. Morgan, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"\u039c\u03b5\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Business_magnate\">\u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2<\/a>\u00a0\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b5\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"Sperry Corporation\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sperry_Corporation\">Sperry Corporation<\/a>\u00a0\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Oppenheimer.\u00a0<sup id=\"cite_ref-32\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oppenheimer_(film)#cite_note-32\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>\u00a031\u00a0<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]\u00a0<\/span><\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-33\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oppenheimer_(film)#cite_note-33\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>\u00a032\u00a0<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\">\u039f John Gowans \u03c9\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"Ward V. Evans\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ward_V._Evans\">Ward V. Evans<\/a>\u00a0, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03ca\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03ba\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Oppenheimer.\u00a0<sup id=\"cite_ref-The_Direct_34-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oppenheimer_(film)#cite_note-The_Direct-34\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>\u00a033\u00a0<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><a title=\"\u039c\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd \u039c\u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03c1\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Macon_Blair\">\u039f Macon Blair<\/a>\u00a0\u03c9\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"Lloyd K. Garrison\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lloyd_K._Garrison\">Lloyd K. Garrison<\/a>\u00a0, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b7\u03b3\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03bf\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd Oppenheimer \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2.\u00a0<sup id=\"cite_ref-Vulture_35-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oppenheimer_(film)#cite_note-Vulture-35\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>\u00a034\u00a0<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><a title=\"Gregory Jbara\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gregory_Jbara\">Gregory Jbara<\/a>\u00a0\u03c9\u03c2 \u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"\u0393\u03bf\u03c5\u03cc\u03c1\u03b5\u03bd \u039c\u03ac\u03b3\u03ba\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Warren_Magnuson\">Warren Magnuson<\/a>\u00a0, \u03a0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b5\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"\u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae \u0395\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Senate_Commerce_Committee\">\u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae\u03c2 \u0395\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0<sup id=\"cite_ref-Vulture_35-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oppenheimer_(film)#cite_note-Vulture-35\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>\u00a034\u00a0<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><a title=\"\u03a7\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9 \u0393\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Harry_Groener\">\u039f Harry Groener<\/a>\u00a0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"Gale W. McGee\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gale_W._McGee\">Gale W. McGee\u00a0<\/a><sup id=\"cite_ref-Vulture_35-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oppenheimer_(film)#cite_note-Vulture-35\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>\u00a034\u00a0<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><a title=\"\u03a4\u03b9\u03bc \u039d\u03c4\u03b5\u039a\u03ad\u03b9\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tim_DeKay\">\u039f Tim DeKay<\/a>\u00a0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"\u03a4\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd \u03a0\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_Pastore\">John Pastore\u00a0<\/a><sup id=\"cite_ref-Vulture_35-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oppenheimer_(film)#cite_note-Vulture-35\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>\u00a034\u00a0<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><a title=\"Matthias Schweigh\u00f6fer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Matthias_Schweigh%C3%B6fer\">\u039f Matthias Schweigh\u00f6fer<\/a>\u00a0\u03c9\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"\u0392\u03ad\u03c1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1 \u03a7\u03ac\u03b9\u03b6\u03b5\u03bd\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ba\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Werner_Heisenberg\">Werner Heisenberg<\/a>\u00a0, \u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03cc\u03c0\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0392' \u03a0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5.\u00a0<sup id=\"cite_ref-36\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oppenheimer_(film)#cite_note-36\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>\u00a035\u00a0<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]\u00a0<\/span><\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-37\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oppenheimer_(film)#cite_note-37\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>\u00a036\u00a0<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><a title=\"\u0386\u03bb\u03b5\u03be \u0392\u03bf\u03bb\u03c6\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alex_Wolff\">\u039f Alex Wolff<\/a>\u00a0\u03c9\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"Luis Walter Alvarez\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Luis_Walter_Alvarez\">Luis Walter Alvarez<\/a>\u00a0, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b2\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u039d\u03cc\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf Manhattan Project.\u00a0<sup id=\"cite_ref-Wolff_38-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oppenheimer_(film)#cite_note-Wolff-38\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>\u00a037\u00a0<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><a title=\"\u03a4\u03b6\u03bf\u03c2 \u0396\u03bf\u03cd\u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Josh_Zuckerman\">Josh Zuckerman<\/a>\u00a0\u03c9\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"\u03a4\u03b6\u03b9\u03bf\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9 \u03a1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b9 \u039b\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c4\u03c2\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Giovanni_Rossi_Lomanitz\">Giovanni Rossi Lomanitz<\/a>\u00a0, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Oppenheimer \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf Berkeley.\u00a0<sup id=\"cite_ref-39\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oppenheimer_(film)#cite_note-39\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>\u00a038\u00a0<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\">\u039f \u03a1\u03cc\u03c1\u03b9 \u039a\u03b9\u03bd \u03c9\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"\u03a7\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4 \u03a3\u03bd\u03ac\u03b9\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hartland_Snyder\">\u03a7\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4 \u03a3\u03bd\u03ac\u03b9\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1<\/a>\u00a0, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2, \u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u039f\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03c7\u03ac\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u00a0<a title=\"\u0392\u03b1\u03c1\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gravitational_collapse\">\u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7<\/a>\u00a0\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2.\u00a0<sup id=\"cite_ref-The_Direct_34-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oppenheimer_(film)#cite_note-The_Direct-34\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>\u00a033\u00a0<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><a title=\"Michael Angarano\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Michael_Angarano\">Michael Angarano<\/a>\u00a0\u03c9\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"\u03a1\u03cc\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c4 \u03a3\u03ad\u03c1\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Robert_Serber\">Robert Serber<\/a>\u00a0, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf Manhattan Project.\u00a0<sup id=\"cite_ref-FirstLook_15-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oppenheimer_(film)#cite_note-FirstLook-15\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>\u00a014\u00a0<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><a title=\"Emma Dumont\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Emma_Dumont\">\u0397 Emma Dumont<\/a>\u00a0\u03c9\u03c2 Jackie Oppenheimer, \u03c3\u03cd\u03b6\u03c5\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Frank \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Robert.\u00a0<sup id=\"cite_ref-GilbertsonDumont_40-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oppenheimer_(film)#cite_note-GilbertsonDumont-40\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>\u00a039\u00a0<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><a title=\"\u0393\u03ba\u03ac\u03b9 \u039c\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Guy_Burnet\">Guy Burnet<\/a>\u00a0\u03c9\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"George C. Eltenton\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/George_C._Eltenton\">George C. Eltenton<\/a>\u00a0,\u00a0<a title=\"\u03a7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chemical_engineer\">\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2<\/a>\u00a0\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u0397\u03a0\u0391 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03a3\u03bf\u03b2\u03b9\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0388\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7.\u00a0<sup id=\"cite_ref-BurnetDeferrari_41-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oppenheimer_(film)#cite_note-BurnetDeferrari-41\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>\u00a040\u00a0<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><a title=\"\u039b\u03bf\u03c5\u03af\u03b6 \u039b\u03bf\u03bc\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03bd\u03c4\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Louise_Lombard\">Louise Lombard<\/a>\u00a0\u03c9\u03c2\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"\u03a1\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8 \u03a4\u03cc\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ruth_Tolman\">Ruth Tolman<\/a>\u00a0, \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd Oppenheimer \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b2\u03cc\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03c2.\u00a0<sup id=\"cite_ref-42\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oppenheimer_(film)#cite_note-42\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>\u00a041\u00a0<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\">\u039f Tom Jenkins \u03c9\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"Richard C. Tolman\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Richard_C._Tolman\">Richard C. Tolman<\/a>\u00a0, \u03c3\u03cd\u03b6\u03c5\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 Ruth \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 General Groves \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf Manhattan Project.\u00a0<sup id=\"cite_ref-43\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oppenheimer_(film)#cite_note-43\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>\u00a042\u00a0<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><a title=\"Olli Haaskivi\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Olli_Haaskivi\">Olli Haaskivi<\/a>\u00a0\u03c9\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"\u0388\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03c4 \u039a\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Edward_Condon\">Edward Condon<\/a>\u00a0, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03bf\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u00a0<a title=\"\u03a1\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Radar\">\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1<\/a>\u00a0\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bb\u03b1\u03b2\u03b5 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bb\u03af\u03b3\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf Manhattan Project.\u00a0<sup id=\"cite_ref-ArnoldHaaskivi_20-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oppenheimer_(film)#cite_note-ArnoldHaaskivi-20\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>\u00a019\u00a0<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><a title=\"\u039d\u03c4\u03ad\u03b9\u03b2\u03b9\u03bd\u03c4 \u03a1\u03af\u03c3\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/David_Rysdahl\">\u039f \u039d\u03c4\u03ad\u03b9\u03b2\u03b9\u03bd\u03c4 \u03a1\u03af\u03c3\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb<\/a>\u00a0\u03c9\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"\u039d\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bd\u03c4 \u03a7\u03cc\u03c1\u03bd\u03b9\u03b3\u03ba\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Donald_Hornig\">\u039d\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bd\u03c4 \u03a7\u03cc\u03c1\u03bd\u03b9\u03b3\u03ba<\/a>\u00a0, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u039b\u03bf\u03c2 \u0386\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2.\u00a0<sup id=\"cite_ref-44\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oppenheimer_(film)#cite_note-44\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>\u00a043\u00a0<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><a title=\"\u03a4\u03b6\u03bf\u03c2 \u03a0\u03b5\u03ba\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Josh_Peck\">Josh Peck<\/a>\u00a0\u03c9\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"\u039a\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b8 \u039c\u03c0\u03ad\u03b9\u03bd\u03bc\u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b6\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kenneth_Bainbridge\">Kenneth Bainbridge<\/a>\u00a0, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 Trinity \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Manhattan Project.\u00a0<sup id=\"cite_ref-45\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oppenheimer_(film)#cite_note-45\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>\u00a044\u00a0<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><a title=\"\u03a4\u03b6\u03b1\u03ba \u039a\u03bf\u03c5\u03ad\u03b9\u03bd\u03c4\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jack_Quaid\">\u039f \u03a4\u03b6\u03b1\u03ba \u039a\u03bf\u03c5\u03ad\u03b9\u03bd\u03c4<\/a>\u00a0\u03c9\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"\u03a1\u03af\u03c4\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03c4 \u03a6\u03ac\u03b9\u03bd\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Richard_Feynman\">\u03a1\u03af\u03c4\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03c4 \u03a6\u03ac\u03b9\u03bd\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd<\/a>\u00a0, \u0391\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b2\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u039d\u03cc\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u0398\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03a4\u03bc\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u039b\u03bf\u03c2 \u0386\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2.\u00a0<sup id=\"cite_ref-46\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oppenheimer_(film)#cite_note-46\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>\u00a045\u00a0<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><a title=\"\u0393\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6 \u03a3\u03ba\u03ac\u03c1\u03c3\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03c4\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gustaf_Skarsg%C3%A5rd\">Gustaf Skarsg\u00e5rd<\/a>\u00a0\u03c9\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"\u03a7\u03b1\u03bd\u03c2 \u039c\u03c0\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hans_Bethe\">Hans Bethe<\/a>\u00a0, \u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b2\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u039d\u03cc\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0398\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03a4\u03bc\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf Los Alamos.\u00a0<sup id=\"cite_ref-47\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oppenheimer_(film)#cite_note-47\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>\u00a046\u00a0<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><a title=\"\u03a4\u03b6\u03ad\u03b9\u03bc\u03c2 \u039f\u03c5\u03c1\u03bc\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/James_Urbaniak\">James Urbaniak<\/a>\u00a0\u03c9\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"Kurt G\u00f6del\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kurt_G%C3%B6del\">Kurt G\u00f6del<\/a>\u00a0, \u0391\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c6\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd.\u00a0<sup id=\"cite_ref-Vulture_35-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oppenheimer_(film)#cite_note-Vulture-35\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>\u00a034\u00a0<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><a title=\"Trond Fausa Aurv\u00e5g\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trond_Fausa_Aurv%C3%A5g\">Trond Fausa<\/a>\u00a0\u03c9\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"\u0393\u03b9\u03ce\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 \u039a\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c6\u03c3\u03ba\u03b9\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/George_Kistiakowsky\">George Kistiakowsky<\/a>\u00a0, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03b3\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a7\u03ac\u03c1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03c4 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf Manhattan Project.\u00a0<sup id=\"cite_ref-48\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oppenheimer_(film)#cite_note-48\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>\u00a047\u00a0<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><a title=\"\u039d\u03c4\u03ad\u03b2\u03bf\u03bd \u039c\u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Devon_Bostick\">\u039f Devon Bostick<\/a>\u00a0\u03c9\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"\u03a3\u03b5\u03b8 \u039d\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03ac\u03b3\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seth_Neddermeyer\">Seth Neddermeyer<\/a>\u00a0, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c8\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u00a0<a title=\"Muon\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Muon\">\u03bc\u03b9\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf<\/a>\u00a0\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03be\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03cc\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03ba\u03c1\u03b7\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae Trinity.\u00a0<sup id=\"cite_ref-49\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oppenheimer_(film)#cite_note-49\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>\u00a048\u00a0<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\">Danny Deferrari \u03c9\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"\u0395\u03bd\u03c1\u03af\u03ba\u03bf \u03a6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bc\u03b9\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Enrico_Fermi\">Enrico Fermi<\/a>\u00a0, \u0399\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u00a0<a title=\"Chicago Pile-1\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chicago_Pile-1\">\u03c3\u03c9\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf<\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0<sup id=\"cite_ref-BurnetDeferrari_41-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oppenheimer_(film)#cite_note-BurnetDeferrari-41\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>\u00a040\u00a0<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><a title=\"\u039a\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1 \u039d\u03c4\u03ad\u03bd\u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Christopher_Denham\">\u039f Christopher Denham<\/a>\u00a0\u03c9\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"\u039a\u03bb\u03ac\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03a6\u03bf\u03c5\u03be\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Klaus_Fuchs\">Klaus Fuchs<\/a>\u00a0, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf Manhattan Project \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03b5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03a3\u03bf\u03b2\u03b9\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0388\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7.\u00a0<sup id=\"cite_ref-GrimesDenham_31-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oppenheimer_(film)#cite_note-GrimesDenham-31\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>\u00a030\u00a0<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\">Jessica Erin Martin \u03c9\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"\u03a3\u03b1\u03c1\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4 \u03a3\u03ad\u03c1\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charlotte_Serber\">Charlotte Serber<\/a>\u00a0, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b2\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf Los Alamos.\u00a0<sup id=\"cite_ref-thedirect.com_50-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oppenheimer_(film)#cite_note-thedirect.com-50\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>\u00a049\u00a0<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\">\u039f Ronald Auguste \u03c9\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"J. Ernest Wilkins Jr.\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/J._Ernest_Wilkins_Jr.\">J. Ernest Wilkins Jr.<\/a>\u00a0, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2, \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd Oppenheimer \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf Manhattan Project.\u00a0<sup id=\"cite_ref-thedirect.com_50-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oppenheimer_(film)#cite_note-thedirect.com-50\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>\u00a049\u00a0<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><a class=\"new\" title=\"M\u00e1t\u00e9 Haumann (\u03c3\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=M%C3%A1t%C3%A9_Haumann&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">\u039f M\u00e1t\u00e9 Haumann\u00a0<\/a><span class=\"noprint\">\u00a0[\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"hu:Haumann M\u00e1t\u00e9\" href=\"https:\/\/hu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Haumann_M%C3%A1t%C3%A9\">hu<\/a>\u00a0]<\/span>\u00a0\u03c9\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"\u039b\u03ad\u03bf \u03a3\u03af\u03bb\u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03c4\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Leo_Szilard\">Leo Szilard<\/a>\u00a0, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u039f\u03cd\u03b3\u03b3\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03bb\u03b1\u03b2\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03b4\u03ad\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"\u03a0\u03c5\u03c1\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03b4\u03c9\u03c4\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nuclear_chain_reaction\">\u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03b4\u03c9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/a>\u00a0\u03c4\u03bf 1933, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0399\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 1945 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u00a0<a title=\"\u0395\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Metallurgical_Laboratory\">\u03c4\u03bc\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5<\/a>\u00a0\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Manhattan Project \u03ba\u03c5\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u00a0<a title=\"\u0388\u03ba\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 Szil\u00e1rd\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Szil%C3%A1rd_petition\">\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03a0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b5\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf \u03a4\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03cc\u03c0\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0399\u03b1\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1<\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0<sup id=\"cite_ref-51\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><a title=\"\u039f\u03bb\u03af\u03b2\u03b9\u03b1 \u0398\u03af\u03c1\u03bb\u03bc\u03c0\u03b9\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Olivia_Thirlby\">\u0397 Olivia Thirlby<\/a>\u00a0\u03c9\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"\u039b\u03af\u03bb\u03b9 \u03a7\u03cc\u03c1\u03bd\u03b9\u03b3\u03ba\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lilli_Hornig\">Lilli Hornig<\/a>\u00a0, \u03a4\u03c3\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf-\u0391\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf Manhattan Project.\u00a0<sup id=\"cite_ref-Thirlby_52-0\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><a title=\"Jack Cutmore-Scott\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jack_Cutmore-Scott\">\u039f Jack Cutmore-Scott<\/a> \u03c9\u03c2 Lyall Johnson, \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf Berkeley \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03b6\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf Manhattan Project.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><a title=\"\u03a7\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd \u0393\u03ba\u03af\u03bb\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c4\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Harrison_Gilbertson\">Harrison Gilbertson<\/a>\u00a0\u03c9\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"\u03a6\u03af\u03bb\u03b9\u03c0 \u039c\u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Philip_Morrison\">Philip Morrison<\/a> , \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03b3\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf Manhattan Project.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><a title=\"\u03a4\u03b6\u03ad\u03b9\u03bc\u03c2 \u03a1\u03b5\u03bc\u03ac\u03c1\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/James_Remar\">James Remar<\/a>\u00a0\u03c9\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"Henry L. Stimson\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Henry_L._Stimson\">Henry L. Stimson<\/a> , \u0393\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03b1\u03c2 \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03a0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b5\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf \u03a4\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\">Will Roberts \u03c9\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"George C. Marshall\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/George_C._Marshall\">George C. Marshall<\/a>\u00a0,\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"\u0391\u03c1\u03c7\u03b7\u03b3\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u0397\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Army_Chief_of_Staff\">\u0391\u03c1\u03c7\u03b7\u03b3\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u0397\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd<\/a>\u00a0\u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf 1939 \u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf 1945.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><a title=\"Pat Skipper\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pat_Skipper\">Pat Skipper<\/a>\u00a0\u03c9\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"James F. Byrnes\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/James_F._Byrnes\">James F. Byrnes<\/a>\u00a0,\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Secretary_of_State\">\u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c2 \u0395\u03be\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd<\/a>\u00a0\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u0397\u03a0\u0391 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"\u039a\u03c5\u03b2\u03b5\u03c1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039d\u03cc\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u039a\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Governor_of_South_Carolina\">\u039a\u03c5\u03b2\u03b5\u03c1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039d\u03cc\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u039a\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2<\/a> .<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><a title=\"\u0393\u03ba\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9 \u038c\u03bb\u03bd\u03c4\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gary_Oldman\">\u039f \u0393\u03ba\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9 \u038c\u03bb\u03bd\u03c4\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd<\/a>\u00a0\u03c9\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"\u03a7\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9 \u03a3. \u03a4\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Harry_S._Truman\">\u03a7\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9 \u03a3. \u03a4\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd<\/a> , \u03bf 33\u03bf\u03c2 \u03a0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b5\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u0397\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03ae\u03c1\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c1\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b2\u03cc\u03bc\u03b2\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03a7\u03b9\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03af\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u039d\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03ac\u03ba\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0391\u03cd\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 1945.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\">Hap Lawrence \u03c9\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"\u039b\u03af\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u039c\u03c0. \u03a4\u03b6\u03cc\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lyndon_B._Johnson\">Lyndon B. Johnson<\/a> , \u03bf 36\u03bf\u03c2 \u03a0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b5\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u0397\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\">Troy Bronson \u03c9\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"Joseph W. Kennedy\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joseph_W._Kennedy\">Joseph W. Kennedy<\/a>\u00a0, \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u00a0<a title=\"\u03a0\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Plutonium\">\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/a>\u00a0\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a4\u03bc\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03a7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf Los Alamos.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oppenheimer_(film)\">Wikipedia<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u03a4\u03bf Oppenheimer\u00a0\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u00a0\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u00a0\u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u00a0\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 2023 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03ba\u03b7\u03bd\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u00a0Christopher Nolan\u00a0.\u00a0[\u00a08\u00a0]\u00a0\u0391\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u00a0J. Robert Oppenheimer\u00a0, \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0391\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u00a0\u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u00a0\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03bf\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5\u00a0\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03cc\u03c0\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd\u00a0\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u00a0\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0392 &#8216;\u03a0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u00a0. \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 2005\u00a0American Prometheus\u00a0\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd\u00a0Kai Bird\u00a0\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u00a0Martin J. Sherwin\u00a0, \u03b7 \u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Oppenheimer, \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u00a0\u0395\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Los Alamos\u00a0\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u00a0\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 &hellip; <\/p>\n<p><a class=\"more-link btn\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.e-me.edu.gr\/a772717\/2025\/01\/10\/oppenheimer\/\">Continue reading<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":794244,"featured_media":12,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-22","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-1","item-wrap"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.e-me.edu.gr\/a772717\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.e-me.edu.gr\/a772717\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.e-me.edu.gr\/a772717\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.e-me.edu.gr\/a772717\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/794244"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.e-me.edu.gr\/a772717\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=22"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.e-me.edu.gr\/a772717\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.e-me.edu.gr\/a772717\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.e-me.edu.gr\/a772717\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=22"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.e-me.edu.gr\/a772717\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=22"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.e-me.edu.gr\/a772717\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=22"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}