{"id":157,"date":"2020-08-02T12:30:40","date_gmt":"2020-08-02T09:30:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.e-me.edu.gr\/hive-HLIAO\/?p=157"},"modified":"2020-08-02T12:31:10","modified_gmt":"2020-08-02T09:31:10","slug":"157","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.e-me.edu.gr\/hive-HLIAO\/2020\/08\/02\/157\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0386\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 (\u0391\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 id=\"firstHeading\" class=\"firstHeading\">\u0391\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0386\u03c1\u03b7<\/h1>\n<div id=\"bodyContent\" class=\"mw-body-content\">\n<div id=\"siteSub\" class=\"noprint\">\u0391\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u0392\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1, \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c5\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1<\/div>\n<div id=\"contentSub\"><\/div>\n<div id=\"contentSub2\"><\/div>\n<div id=\"jump-to-nav\"><\/div>\n<p><a class=\"mw-jump-link\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#mw-head\">\u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ae\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7<\/a> <a class=\"mw-jump-link\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#searchInput\">\u03a0\u03ae\u03b4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b6\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7<\/a><\/p>\n<div id=\"mw-content-text\" class=\"mw-content-ltr\" dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"el\">\n<div class=\"mw-parser-output\">\n<table class=\"infobox\">\n<caption>\u0391\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0386\u03c1\u03b7<\/caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:2005-1103mars-full.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b8\/2005-1103mars-full.jpg\/200px-2005-1103mars-full.jpg\" alt=\"2005-1103mars-full.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" data-file-width=\"800\" data-file-height=\"800\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div>\u0395\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0386\u03c1\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae \u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03bf\u03b8\u03cd\u03b5\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bb\u03ae\u03c6\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf <a title=\"\u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03a7\u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03bb\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%83%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%80%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CE%A7%CE%B1%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%BB\">\u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03a7\u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03bb<\/a> \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd 28 \u039f\u03ba\u03c4.2005<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th colspan=\"2\">\u03a3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 <sup id=\"cite_ref-Abundance_1-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-Abundance-1\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\"><a title=\"\u0394\u03b9\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BE%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B8%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B1\">\u0394\u03b9\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 (CO<sub>2<\/sub>)<\/a><\/th>\n<td>95,97%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\"><a title=\"\u0391\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%81%CE%B3%CF%8C\">\u0391\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc (Ar)<\/a><\/th>\n<td>1,93%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\"><a title=\"\u0386\u03b6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%86%CE%B6%CF%89%CF%84%CE%BF\">\u0386\u03b6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf<\/a><\/th>\n<td>1,89\u00a0%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\"><a title=\"\u039f\u03be\u03c5\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%9F%CE%BE%CF%85%CE%B3%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%BF\">\u039f\u03be\u03c5\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf<\/a><\/th>\n<td>0,146\u00a0%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\"><a title=\"\u039c\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%9C%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BE%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B8%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B1\">\u039c\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 (CO)<\/a><\/th>\n<td>0,0557\u00a0%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0397 <b>\u0391\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0386\u03c1\u03b7<\/b> \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc <a title=\"\u0394\u03b9\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BE%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B8%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B1\">\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1<\/a>. \u0397 <a title=\"\u0391\u03c4\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CF%80%CE%AF%CE%B5%CF%83%CE%B7\">\u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7<\/a> \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf 600 <a title=\"\u03a0\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb (\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2)\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%AC%CE%BB_(%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B1_%CE%BC%CE%AD%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7%CF%82)\">\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb<\/a>\u00a0\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u00a0\u00a00,6% \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u0393\u03ae\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b8\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd 101,3 \u03c7\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb. \u0397 \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 30 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u00a0\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03c5\u03c6\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u00a0<a title=\"\u038c\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u038c\u03bb\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 (\u0386\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2)\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%8C%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%8C%CE%BB%CF%85%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%82_(%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7%CF%82)\">\u038c\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u038c\u03bb\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2<\/a>\u00a0\u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc 1.155 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b2\u03ac\u03b8\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 <a title=\"\u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03c2 (\u0386\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2)\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%AC%CF%82_(%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7%CF%82)\">\u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03c2 \u03a0\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1<\/a>. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2\u00a0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u0391\u03c1\u03bc\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b3\u03ba \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1. \u0397\u00a0<a title=\"\u0386\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 (\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2)\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7%CF%82_(%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AE%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82)\">\u0386\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae<\/a>\u00a0\u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd 25 <a title=\"\u03a4\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 (\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2)\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%A4%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%82_(%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B1_%CE%BC%CE%AD%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7%CF%82)\">\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd<\/a>\u00a0\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0393\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd 5148 <a title=\"\u03a4\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 (\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2)\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%A4%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%82_(%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B1_%CE%BC%CE%AD%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7%CF%82)\">\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u00b7<\/a> \u03bf \u0386\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03bb\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 \u03cd\u03c8\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03af\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 11,1 \u03c7\u03bb\u03bc\u00a0<sup id=\"cite_ref-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-2\">[2]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u0393\u03b7 8,5 \u03c7\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1.<sup id=\"cite_ref-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u0391\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae <a title=\"\u0391\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1\">\u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1<\/a> \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc 96% <a title=\"\u0394\u03b9\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BE%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B8%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B1\">\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1<\/a>, 1,9% <a title=\"\u0391\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%81%CE%B3%CF%8C\">\u03b1\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc<\/a>, 1,9% <a title=\"\u0386\u03b6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%86%CE%B6%CF%89%CF%84%CE%BF\">\u03ac\u03b6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf<\/a>\u00a0\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 <a title=\"\u039f\u03be\u03c5\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%9F%CE%BE%CF%85%CE%B3%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%BF\">\u03bf\u03be\u03c5\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5<\/a>, <a title=\"\u039c\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%9C%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BE%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B8%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B1\">\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1<\/a>, <a title=\"\u039d\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%9D%CE%B5%CF%81%CF%8C\">\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd<\/a>\u00a0\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 <a title=\"\u039c\u03b5\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CE%B8%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF\">\u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/a>\u00a0\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd, \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1 \u03af\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 43.34 g\/mol.<sup id=\"cite_ref-numbers_4-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-numbers-4\">[4]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-mean_molar_mass_5-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-mean_molar_mass-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup> \u03a4\u03bf 2003 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b7 <a title=\"\u039c\u03b5\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CE%B8%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF\">\u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/a>\u00a0<sup id=\"cite_ref-whodunit_6-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-whodunit-6\">[6]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-methane3_7-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-methane3-7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup> \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u00a0\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 <a title=\"\u0396\u03c9\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0386\u03c1\u03b7\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%96%CF%89%CE%AE_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7\">\u03b6\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2<\/a> \u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u00a0<a title=\"\u0393\u03b5\u03c9\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%93%CE%B5%CF%89%CF%87%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1\">\u03b3\u03b5\u03c9\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2<\/a> \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2, <a title=\"\u0397\u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%97%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%AF%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%BF\">\u03b7\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae<\/a>\u00a0\u03ae \u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1.<sup id=\"cite_ref-M123_8-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-M123-8\">[8]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9, \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1, \u03c7\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0391\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc \u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03c4\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03c4\u03af \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03af-\u03ba\u03cc\u03ba\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b2\u03bb\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03b5\u03c1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0386\u03c1\u03b7\u00a0\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03b9\u03c9\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 1,5 <a title=\"\u039c\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%9C%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%81%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF\">\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd<\/a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-dusty_9-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-dusty-9\">[9]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u03a4\u03b7\u03bd 16 \u0394\u03b5\u03ba\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 2014, \u03c4\u03bf NASA \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 <a title=\"\u039c\u03b5\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CE%B8%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF\">\u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/a> \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 <a title=\"\u0386\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 (\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2)\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7%CF%82_(%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AE%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82)\">\u0386\u03c1\u03b7<\/a>. <a title=\"\u039f\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%9F%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%AD%CE%BD%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B7\">\u039f\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2<\/a> \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03be\u03cc\u03c1\u03c5\u03be\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03b5\u03c1\u00a0<a title=\"Curiosity\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Curiosity\"><i>\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1<\/i><\/a> \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03c1\u03ac\u03c7\u03bf. \u03a3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"\u0394\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%94%CE%B5%CF%85%CF%84%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF\">\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/a> \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2<a title=\"\u03a5\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%A5%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B3%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%BF\">\u00a0\u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf<\/a>, \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u00a0\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0391\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b1 \u0393\u03ba\u03ad\u03b9\u03bb\u00a0\u03c7\u03ac\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03bf \u03c0\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bb\u03af\u03bc\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b1\u00b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9.<sup id=\"cite_ref-NASA-20141216-GW_10-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-NASA-20141216-GW-10\">[10]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-NYT-20141216-KC_11-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-NYT-20141216-KC-11\">[11]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-SCI-20141216-PRM_12-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-SCI-20141216-PRM-12\">[12]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u03a4\u03b7\u03bd 18 \u039c\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 2015, \u03c4\u03bf NASA \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u00a0<a title=\"\u03a3\u03ad\u03bb\u03b1\u03c2\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%A3%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%82\">\u03c3\u03ad\u03bb\u03b1\u03c2<\/a>\u00a0\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03be\u03ae\u03b3\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03bf \u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0391\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1.<sup id=\"cite_ref-NASA-20150318_13-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-NASA-20150318-13\">[13]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\">\n<p><a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Martian_Methane_Map.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/cd\/Martian_Methane_Map.jpg\/220px-Martian_Methane_Map.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"220\" height=\"124\" data-file-width=\"1280\" data-file-height=\"720\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\">\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\u0397 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0391\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u03a4\u03b7\u03bd 4 \u0391\u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 2015, \u03c4\u03bf NASA \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03af\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd, \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u00a0\u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u0391\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u0394\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd (SAM) \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03b5\u03c1\u00a0<a title=\"Curiosity\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Curiosity\"><i>\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1<\/i><\/a>, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 <a title=\"\u0399\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%99%CF%83%CF%8C%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%BF\">\u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c4\u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"\u039e\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%9E%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%BF\">\u03be\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5<\/a>\u00a0\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 <a title=\"\u0391\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%81%CE%B3%CF%8C\">\u03b1\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd<\/a>. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03b6\u03b1\u03bd\u00a0 \"\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7\" \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0386\u03c1\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5 <a title=\"\u039a\u03bb\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%9A%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1\">\u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae<\/a>\u00a0\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03c1\u03ad\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5\u00a0\u0391\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2\u00a0\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u0393\u03b7.<sup id=\"cite_ref-NASA-20150331_14-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-NASA-20150331-14\">[14]<\/a><\/sup> \u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03c7\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03cc\u03c1\u03bc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u00a0<a title=\"MAVEN\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MAVEN\">MAVEN<\/a> \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03b9\u03ac \u03b3\u03cd\u03c1\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u00a0<a title=\"\u0386\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 (\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2)\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7%CF%82_(%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AE%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82)\">\u0386\u03c1\u03b7<\/a>, \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf <a title=\"\u0397\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%97%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B5%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%82\">\u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2<\/a> \u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03cd\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b3\u03cd\u03bc\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0386\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd.<sup id=\"cite_ref-15\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-15\">[15]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf\u03bd \u03a3\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ad\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf 2017, \u03c4\u03bf NASA \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1\u00a0<a title=\"\u0391\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B1\">\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/a>\u00a0\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0391\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03b2\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03c5\u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 <a title=\"\u03a3\u03ad\u03bb\u03b1\u03c2\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%A3%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%82\">\u03c3\u03ad\u03bb\u03b1\u03c2<\/a>\u00a0\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac 25 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf, \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03b7\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"\u03a3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03ba\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03c0\u03ae \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1\u03c2\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%A3%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%BC%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B5%CE%BA%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%AE_%CE%BC%CE%AC%CE%B6%CE%B1%CF%82\">\u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03b3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2<\/a>\u00a0\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03ae\u03bd\u03b1.<sup id=\"cite_ref-PHYS-20170930_16-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-PHYS-20170930-16\">[16]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u03a4\u03b7\u03bd 1\u03b7 \u0399\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 2018, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 NASA \u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b7 <a title=\"\u0391\u03bc\u03bc\u03bf\u03b8\u03cd\u03b5\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CE%BC%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%B8%CF%8D%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B1\">\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03bf\u03b8\u03cd\u03b5\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03c2<\/a> \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u00a0<a title=\"\u0386\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 (\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2)\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7%CF%82_(%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AE%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82)\">\u0386\u03c1\u03b7<\/a>, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u00a0<a title=\"\u0397\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%97%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1\">\u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1<\/a>\u00a0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03b5\u03c1 <i>\u0395\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1<\/i>, \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03c2.\u00a0\u0391\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd 12 \u0399\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03b3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c8\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03b7 \u0392\u03cc\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u0391\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03a1\u03c9\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b6\u03af (1\/4 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7). \u03a4\u03b7\u03bd 13 \u0399\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c4\u03bf<i>\u00a0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03b5\u03c1 \u0395\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1<\/i> \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c9\u03c0\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03bf\u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03bf\u03b8\u03cd\u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c2<sup id=\"cite_ref-SA-20180613_17-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-SA-20180613-17\">[17]<\/a><\/sup> <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fIKxdRFx2Wo\" rel=\"nofollow\">\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c8\u03b7<\/a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-SPC-20180612_18-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-SPC-20180612-18\">[18]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-NASA-20180612_19-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-NASA-20180612-19\">[19]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-NASA-20180613ag_20-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-NASA-20180613ag-20\">[20]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-NASA-20180613_21-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-NASA-20180613-21\">[21]<\/a><\/sup> \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0399\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf 2018, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03ae\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae \u03c7\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 <a title=\"\u0386\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 (\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2)\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7%CF%82_(%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AE%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82)\">\u0386\u03c1\u03b7<\/a> \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ad\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03a3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u039c\u03ad\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1 \u03a6\u03cc\u03c3\u03c3\u03b1.<sup id=\"cite_ref-NC-20180720_22-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-NC-20180720-22\">[22]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u03a4\u03b7\u03bd 7 \u0399\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 2018, \u03c4\u03bf NASA \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03af\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae, \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u00a0<a title=\"\u039c\u03b5\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CE%B8%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF\">\u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/a>.<\/p>\n<div id=\"toc\" class=\"toc\" role=\"navigation\" aria-labelledby=\"mw-toc-heading\">\n<div class=\"toctitle\" dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"el\">\n<h2 id=\"mw-toc-heading\">\u03a0\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd<\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#\u0394\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">1<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">\u0394\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2_\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9_\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2_\u03b1\u03c0\u03cc_\u03c4\u03b7_\u0393\u03b7\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u0393\u03b7<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-3\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#\u03a3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">\u03a3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-4\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#\u0394\u03b9\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf_\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5_\u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3.1<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">\u0394\u03b9\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-5\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#\u0391\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3.2<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">\u0391\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-6\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#\u039d\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3.3<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">\u039d\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-7\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#\u03a4\u03bf_\u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3.4<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">\u03a4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-8\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#\u0394\u03b9\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf_\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5_\u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3.5<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">\u0394\u03b9\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-9\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#\u039f\u03be\u03c5\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3.6<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">\u039f\u03be\u03c5\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-10\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#\u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">4<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">\u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span id=\".CE.94.CE.BF.CE.BC.CE.AE\"><\/span><span id=\"\u0394\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\" class=\"mw-headline\">\u0394\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae<\/span><\/h2>\n<table class=\"wikitable plainrowheaders\">\n<caption>\u03a3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u00a0<a title=\"\u0391\u03c4\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CF%80%CE%AF%CE%B5%CF%83%CE%B7\">\u03a0\u03b9\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd<\/a><\/caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"col\">\u03a4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\">\u03a0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\">\u039a\u03bf\u03c1\u03c5\u03c6\u03ae\u00a0<a title=\"\u038c\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u038c\u03bb\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 (\u0386\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2)\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%8C%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%8C%CE%BB%CF%85%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%82_(%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7%CF%82)\">\u038c\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u038c\u03bb\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2<\/a><\/th>\n<td>0,03 <a title=\"\u03a0\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb (\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2)\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%AC%CE%BB_(%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B1_%CE%BC%CE%AD%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7%CF%82)\">\u03c7\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\">\u0386\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 (\u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7)<\/th>\n<td>0,6 \u03c7\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\">\u03a0\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"\u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03c2 (\u0386\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2)\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%AC%CF%82_(%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7%CF%82)\">\u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03c2 \u03a0\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1<\/a><\/th>\n<td>1,16 \u03c7\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\">\u038c\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u0386\u03c1\u03bc\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b3\u03ba<\/th>\n<td>6,25 \u03c7\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\">\u039a\u03bf\u03c1\u03c5\u03c6\u03ae \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u0388\u03b2\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u00a0<sup id=\"cite_ref-23\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-23\">[23]<\/a><\/sup><\/th>\n<td>33,7 \u03c7\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\">\u0393\u03b7 (\u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf \u03b8\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c3\u03b1\u03c2)<\/th>\n<td>101,3 \u03c7\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0397 \u0391\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>\u0395\u03be\u03ce\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1<\/b>: \u0391\u03c1\u03c7\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03cd\u03c8\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc 200 \u03c7\u03bb\u03bc., \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03c7\u03c9\u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2. \u0394\u03b5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf \u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae.<\/li>\n<li><b>\u0391\u03bd\u03ce\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1<\/b>, \u03ae <b>\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1<\/b>: \u03a3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c8\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c6\u03b5\u03af\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b8\u03ad\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0389\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03ad\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9, \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae \u03bc\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2.<\/li>\n<li><b>\u039c\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1<\/b>: \u03a3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c8\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c1\u03ad\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bf \u0391\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"\u0391\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82\">\u03b1\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><b>\u0391\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1<\/b>: \u0397 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03ae \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03b4\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 <a title=\"\u03a3\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%A3%CE%BA%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B7\">\u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"thumb tleft\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\">\n<div id=\"mwe_player_0\" class=\"PopUpMediaTransform\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/20\/Solar_Wind_Strips_the_Martian_Atmosphere.webm\/250px--Solar_Wind_Strips_the_Martian_Atmosphere.webm.jpg\" alt=\"\u0391\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf:Solar Wind Strips the Martian Atmosphere.webm\" \/><a title=\"\u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\" href=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/2\/20\/Solar_Wind_Strips_the_Martian_Atmosphere.webm\" target=\"new\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"play-btn-large\"><span class=\"mw-tmh-playtext\">\u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"thumb tleft\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\">\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\u039f <a title=\"\u0397\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%97%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B5%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%82\">\u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2<\/a>\u00a0\u03c3\u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b9\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u0391\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1<br \/>\n(\u03b2\u03af\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf (01:13); 5 \u039d\u03bf\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 2015)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u03a5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd, \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03b7 \u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1,<sup id=\"cite_ref-24\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-24\">[24]<\/a><\/sup> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1 \u03cc\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf.<sup id=\"cite_ref-25\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-25\">[25]<\/a><\/sup> \u03a4\u03bf 2015 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03cc\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u00a0<i>MAVEN<\/i> \u03ad\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03b5\u03be\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c5\u03ba\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b9\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd.<sup id=\"cite_ref-26\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-26\">[26]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u039f\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c1\u03bc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u00a0<i><a title=\"MAVEN\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MAVEN\">MAVEN<\/a><\/i><sup id=\"cite_ref-27\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-27\">[27]<\/a><\/sup> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u00a0ExoMars Trace Gas, \u03ad\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c5\u03ba\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c5\u03ba\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd.<sup id=\"cite_ref-28\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-28\">[28]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h2><span id=\".CE.A0.CE.B1.CF.81.CE.B1.CF.84.CE.B7.CF.81.CE.AE.CF.83.CE.B5.CE.B9.CF.82_.CE.BA.CE.B1.CE.B9_.CE.BC.CE.B5.CF.84.CF.81.CE.AE.CF.83.CE.B5.CE.B9.CF.82_.CE.B1.CF.80.CF.8C_.CF.84.CE.B7_.CE.93.CE.B7\"><\/span><span id=\"\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2_\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9_\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2_\u03b1\u03c0\u03cc_\u03c4\u03b7_\u0393\u03b7\" class=\"mw-headline\">\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u0393\u03b7<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"thumbinner\">\n<p><a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:%CE%91%CF%86%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%AF%CF%84%CE%B7-%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7%CF%82-%CE%93%CE%AE-%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/43\/%CE%91%CF%86%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%AF%CF%84%CE%B7-%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7%CF%82-%CE%93%CE%AE-%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1.png\/220px-%CE%91%CF%86%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%AF%CF%84%CE%B7-%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7%CF%82-%CE%93%CE%AE-%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"220\" height=\"211\" data-file-width=\"591\" data-file-height=\"568\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\">\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 <a title=\"\u0391\u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03af\u03c4\u03b7 (\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2)\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%86%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%AF%CF%84%CE%B7_(%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AE%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82)\">\u0391\u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2<\/a>, \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 <a title=\"\u0386\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 (\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2)\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7%CF%82_(%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AE%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82)\">\u0386\u03c1\u03b7<\/a> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 <a title=\"\u0393\u03b7\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%93%CE%B7\">\u0393\u03b7\u03c2<\/a>.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf 1864, \u03bf \u0393\u03bf\u03c5\u03af\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc \u03a1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1 \u039d\u03c4\u03cc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \"\u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03cc\u03ba\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c7\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03bf\u03c6\u03b5\u03af\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf, \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7.\"<sup id=\"cite_ref-dawes_29-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-dawes-29\">[29]<\/a><\/sup> \u03a6\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5 1860 -1870<sup id=\"cite_ref-campbell_30-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-campbell-30\">[30]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-31\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-31\">[31]<\/a><\/sup> \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03ad\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0386\u03c1\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0393\u03b7\u03c2. \u03a4\u03bf 1894, \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2, \u03bc\u03b5\u00a0<a title=\"\u03a6\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%A6%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%AF%CE%B1\">\u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7<\/a> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u00a0\u0393\u03bf\u03c5\u03af\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc \u0393\u03bf\u03c5\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03c2 \u039a\u03ac\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf \u0386\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u00a0<a title=\"\u03a3\u03b5\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd\u03b7\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%A3%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%AE%CE%BD%CE%B7\">\u03a6\u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9<\/a>, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf 1926, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u00a0\u0393\u03bf\u03c5\u03af\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc \u03a7\u03ac\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4 \u03a1\u03ac\u03b9\u03c4 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u00a0<a title=\"\u0391\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u039b\u03b9\u03ba\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF_%CE%9B%CE%B9%CE%BA\">\u0391\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u039b\u03b9\u03ba<\/a>\u00a0\u03b5\u03c0\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c8\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u00a0\u03a7\u03ac\u03bf\u03c5\u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03c4 \u039d\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bd\u03c4 \u039c\u03ad\u03bd\u03b6\u03b5\u03bb \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0391\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1 .<sup id=\"cite_ref-32\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-32\">[32]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-33\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-33\">[33]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h2><span id=\".CE.A3.CF.8D.CF.83.CF.84.CE.B1.CF.83.CE.B7\"><\/span><span id=\"\u03a3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\" class=\"mw-headline\">\u03a3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"thumbinner\">\n<p><a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:PIA16460_Mars_Atmosphere_Gases_20121102.svg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/27\/PIA16460_Mars_Atmosphere_Gases_20121102.svg\/150px-PIA16460_Mars_Atmosphere_Gases_20121102.svg.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"125\" data-file-width=\"544\" data-file-height=\"453\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"thumb tleft\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\">\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c6\u03b8\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0391\u03c1\u03b7<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3><span id=\".CE.94.CE.B9.CE.BF.CE.BE.CE.B5.CE.AF.CE.B4.CE.B9.CE.BF_.CF.84.CE.BF.CF.85_.CE.AC.CE.BD.CE.B8.CF.81.CE.B1.CE.BA.CE.B1\"><\/span><span id=\"\u0394\u03b9\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf_\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5_\u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\" class=\"mw-headline\">\u0394\u03b9\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0397 \u0391\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac 95,9% \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 (CO<sub>2<\/sub>). \u0388\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2\u00a0\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c8\u03cd\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf 25% \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd CO<sub>2<\/sub> \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03c5\u03ba\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u00a0CO<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0(<a title=\"\u039e\u03b7\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%9E%CE%B7%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%82_%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%B3%CE%BF%CF%82\">\u03be\u03b7\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2<\/a>). \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ae\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf,\u00a0\u03bf \u03c0\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2\u00a0CO<sub>2<\/sub> <a title=\"\u0395\u03be\u03ac\u03c7\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%95%CE%BE%CE%AC%CF%87%CE%BD%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B7\">\u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c7\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9<\/a>\u00a0\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03cd\u03c1\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u0391\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2.<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\".CE.91.CF.81.CE.B3.CF.8C\"><\/span><span id=\"\u0391\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\" class=\"mw-headline\">\u0391\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc<\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"thumbinner\">\n<p><a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:PIA16818-MarsCuriosityRover-Argon-AtmosphericLoss.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/4a\/PIA16818-MarsCuriosityRover-Argon-AtmosphericLoss.png\/150px-PIA16818-MarsCuriosityRover-Argon-AtmosphericLoss.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"113\" data-file-width=\"960\" data-file-height=\"720\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\">\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\"><a title=\"\u0391\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%81%CE%B3%CF%8C\">\u039f\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c4\u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd<\/a>\u00a0\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd\u00a0\u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0386\u03c1\u03b7.<sup id=\"cite_ref-NASA-20130408_34-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-NASA-20130408-34\">[34]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-Space-20130408_35-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-Space-20130408-35\">[35]<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0397 \u0391\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf <a title=\"\u0395\u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae \u03b1\u03ad\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%95%CF%85%CE%B3%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%AE_%CE%B1%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B1\">\u03b5\u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03ad\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf<\/a> <a title=\"\u0391\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%81%CE%B3%CF%8C\">\u03b1\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc<\/a>,\u00a0\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u00a0\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba \u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b7 \u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ae. \u03a5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03ac\u03bd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u00a0\u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0391\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1, \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c6\u03b8\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c1\u03bf \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03ad\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c7\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03be\u03b7.<sup id=\"cite_ref-weather_36-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-weather-36\">[36]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h3><span id=\".CE.9D.CE.B5.CF.81.CF.8C\"><\/span><span id=\"\u039d\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\" class=\"mw-headline\">\u039d\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u00a0\u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 <a title=\"\u0395\u03be\u03ac\u03c7\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%95%CE%BE%CE%AC%CF%87%CE%BD%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B7\">\u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c7\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9<\/a>\u00a0\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1, \u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc. \u039f\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 <a title=\"\u03a3\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%A3%CE%BA%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B7\">\u03c7\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/a>\u00a0\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 <a title=\"\u03a5\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%A5%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82\">\u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd<\/a> \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd<a title=\"\u03a0\u03ac\u03c7\u03bd\u03b7\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%A0%CE%AC%CF%87%CE%BD%CE%B7\">\u00a0\u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2<\/a>\u00a0\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"\u0398\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%98%CF%8D%CF%83%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%B9\">\u03b8\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2<\/a>\u00a0\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0393\u03b7\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u00a0\u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03b5\u03c1\u00a0<i>\u0395\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1<\/i>\u00a0\u03c4\u03bf 2004.<sup id=\"cite_ref-clouds_37-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-clouds-37\">[37]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0\u03a4\u03b7\u03bd 31 \u0399\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 2008 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"NASA\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NASA\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 NASA<\/a>\u00a0\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd\u00a0\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae \u03a6\u03bf\u03af\u03bd\u03b9\u03be \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9\u00a0\u03b2\u03c1\u03ad\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03cd\u03b4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0391\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd \u03b2\u03cc\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\".CE.A4.CE.BF_.CE.BC.CE.B5.CE.B8.CE.AC.CE.BD.CE.B9.CE.BF\"><\/span><span id=\"\u03a4\u03bf_\u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\" class=\"mw-headline\">\u03a4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf<\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"thumbinner\">\n<p><a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:%CE%A0%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AD%CF%82_%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B5%CF%82_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/e6\/%CE%A0%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AD%CF%82_%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B5%CF%82_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7.jpg\/300px-%CE%A0%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AD%CF%82_%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B5%CF%82_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"270\" data-file-width=\"665\" data-file-height=\"599\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"thumb tleft\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\">\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\u03a0\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03ad\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0386\u03c1\u03b7.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u038a\u03c7\u03bd\u03b7 <a title=\"\u039c\u03b5\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CE%B8%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF\">\u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/a> (CH<sub>4<\/sub>)\u00a0\u00a0\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0391\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 NASA \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u00a0\u039a\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03a0\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u0393\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03c4\u00a0\u03c4\u03bf 2003.<sup id=\"cite_ref-38\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-38\">[38]<\/a><\/sup> \u03a4\u03bf \u039c\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf 2004 \u03c4\u03bf \u03cc\u03c1\u03bc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1 \u0386\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 \u0395\u03be\u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ad\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b1\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 <a title=\"\u039c\u03b5\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CE%B8%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF\">\u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/a> \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 10 <a title=\"Ppm (\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2)\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ppm_(%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B1_%CE%BC%CE%AD%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7%CF%82)\">ppb<\/a> (\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac \u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf).<sup id=\"cite_ref-Krasnopolskya_39-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-Krasnopolskya-39\">[39]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-Formisano_40-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-Formisano-40\">[40]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-methane_41-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-methane-41\">[41]<\/a><\/sup> \u039f\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5 2003 - 2006 \u03ad\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5.<sup id=\"cite_ref-42\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-42\">[42]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf \u03b8\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c6\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b1\u03ad\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1, \u03ac\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1 \u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c6\u03b5\u03af\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03b5\u03b9\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae. \u03a4\u03b1\u00a0<a title=\"\u03a6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%A6%CF%89%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%87%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1\">\u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac<\/a> \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b1 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5.<sup id=\"cite_ref-43\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-43\">[43]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-44\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-44\">[44]<\/a><\/sup> \u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03ac\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf \u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03ad\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5,<sup id=\"cite_ref-45\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-45\">[45]<\/a><\/sup> \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u00a0<a title=\"\u0399\u03bc\u03c0\u03af\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb \u039a\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03b6 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039b\u03bf\u03bd\u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%99%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%AF%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BB_%CE%9A%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B6_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%9B%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%85\">\u0399\u03bc\u03c0\u03af\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb \u039a\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03b6 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039b\u03bf\u03bd\u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5<\/a> \u03ad\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b1\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03c1\u03bf\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf \u03b8\u03b1 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2.<sup id=\"cite_ref-46\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-46\">[46]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\">\n<p><a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:%CE%A0%CE%B7%CE%B3%CE%AD%CF%82_%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/94\/%CE%A0%CE%B7%CE%B3%CE%AD%CF%82_%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7.png\/500px-%CE%A0%CE%B7%CE%B3%CE%AD%CF%82_%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" data-file-width=\"1024\" data-file-height=\"768\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\">\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\u03a0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03cc\u03b8\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0386\u03c1\u03b7<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0397 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 0,6 ~4 \u03b3\u03ae\u03b9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1,<sup id=\"cite_ref-plumes_47-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-plumes-47\">[47]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-Lef\u00e8vre_48-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-Lef\u00e8vre-48\">[48]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7. \u0397 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u00a0~350 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1,\u00a0\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c6\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u00a0(\"\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03cc\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\") \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac 100 \u03bc\u03b5 600 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03b1. \u03a4\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03be\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ae \u03b1\u03b5\u03b9\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae.<sup id=\"cite_ref-49\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-49\">[49]<\/a><\/sup> \u03a4\u03bf 2014 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03cc\u03b8\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7.<sup id=\"cite_ref-50\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-50\">[50]<\/a><\/sup> \u038a\u03c3\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03c5\u03ba\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c7\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ba\u03bb\u03b1\u03b8\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac.<sup id=\"cite_ref-51\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-51\">[51]<\/a><\/sup> \u0389 \u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03b6\u03af\u03b1 (SiO<br \/>\n<sub>2<\/sub>) \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 <a title=\"\u039f\u03bb\u03b9\u03b2\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%9F%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%B2%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%82\">\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03b2\u03af\u03bd\u03b7<\/a> \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd Si\u2013CH<br \/>\n<sub>3<\/sub>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Methane_sink_2014_52-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-Methane_sink_2014-52\">[52]<\/a><\/sup> \u03a4\u03bf \u0391\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf \u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ad\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u00a0 \u03bc\u03b7-\u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd-\u03b2\u03c1\u03ac\u03c7\u03c9\u03bd, \u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u00a0\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u00a0<a title=\"\u03a3\u03b9\u03b4\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%A3%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%B7%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%85%CF%81%CE%AF%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82\">\u03c3\u03b9\u03b4\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7<\/a>, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd <a title=\"\u03a5\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%A5%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B3%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%BF\">H<sub>2<\/sub><\/a> , \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ac\u03ba\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2\u00a0Fischer\u2013Tropsch\u00a0\u03bc\u03b5 <a title=\"\u039c\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%9C%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BE%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B8%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B1\">CO<\/a> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 CO<sub>2<\/sub>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-asc.2010_53-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-asc.2010-53\">[53]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0\u0395\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf \u03b8\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc, \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03c1\u03c5\u03ba\u03c4\u03cc <a title=\"\u039f\u03bb\u03b9\u03b2\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%9F%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%B2%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%82\">\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03b2\u03af\u03bd\u03b7<\/a>\u00a0\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0386\u03c1\u03b7.<sup id=\"cite_ref-olivine_54-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-olivine-54\">[54]<\/a><\/sup> \u039f\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 (\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb. \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7) \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c6\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc.<sup id=\"cite_ref-55\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-55\">[55]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-56\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-56\">[56]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0\u039f \u03c3\u03b5\u03c1\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03c1\u03c5\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7. \u03a3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u0393\u03b7, \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c0\u03bd\u03bf\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c3\u03b5\u03c1\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b2\u03c1\u03ac\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0386\u03c1\u03b7.<sup id=\"cite_ref-57\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-57\">[57]<\/a><\/sup> \u0395\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b1\u03af\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c5\u03b4\u03b1\u03c4\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c1\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2\u00a0\u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac.<sup id=\"cite_ref-58\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-58\">[58]<\/a><\/sup> \u039c\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03cb\u03c0\u03cc\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u0391\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03c1\u03cd\u03bf, \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1\u00a0\u03b8\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03bb\u03b1\u03b8\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ae \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b2\u03ac\u03b8\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b5\u03c5\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Lasue_2015_59-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-Lasue_2015-59\">[59]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\">\n<p><a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%AF_%CE%BA%CF%8D%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B9_%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/cf\/%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%AF_%CE%BA%CF%8D%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B9_%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7.jpg\/600px-%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%AF_%CE%BA%CF%8D%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B9_%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" data-file-width=\"1280\" data-file-height=\"720\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\">\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\"><i>\u03a4\u03bf \u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03b5\u03c1 <a title=\"Curiosity\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Curiosity\">\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1<\/a> \u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae<\/i>\u00a0\u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u039c\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0391\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b2\u03c1\u03ad\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc \u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03cd\u03c8\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5. \u039c\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03bf\u03b8\u03cd\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce\u00a0\u03c0\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03ac\u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5. \u0397 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03ba\u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03ad\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf CO<sub>2<\/sub> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0391\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 1.41\u00d710<sup>16<\/sup> \u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac joule \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2.<sup id=\"cite_ref-60\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-60\">[60]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-61\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-61\">[61]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u039c\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u00a0<a title=\"\u039c\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%9C%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82\">\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af<\/a>,\u00a0\u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1,\u00a0\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0386\u03c1\u03b7. \u03a3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u0393\u03ae\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c9\u03ba\u03b5\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u00a0<a title=\"\u0391\u03b9\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CE%B9%CE%B8%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF\">\u03b1\u03b9\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf<\/a>, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03c4\u03bf \u03b7\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc <a title=\"\u0394\u03b9\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BE%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%B8%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85\">\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/a>. \u0395\u03c6\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5 \u03b2\u03c1\u03ad\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03af\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Krasnopolsky12_62-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-Krasnopolsky12-62\">[62]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-Encrenaz11_63-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-Encrenaz11-63\">[63]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf 2011 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03cd\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ce\u03bd (\u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf) \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0386\u03c1\u03b7, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03c7\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2: \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf (&lt;7 ppbv), \u03b1\u03b9\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf (&lt;0.2 ppbv), \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7 (&lt;19 ppbv) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 (<a title=\"\u039c\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CE%B8%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B7\">H<sub>2<\/sub>CO<\/a>, <a title=\"\u0391\u03b9\u03b8\u03af\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CE%B9%CE%B8%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF\">C<sub>2<\/sub>H<sub>2<\/sub><\/a>, <a title=\"\u0391\u03b9\u03b8\u03ad\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CE%B9%CE%B8%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF\">C<sub>2<\/sub>H<sub>4<\/sub><\/a>, N<sub>2<\/sub>O, NH<sub>3<\/sub>, HCN, CH<sub>3<\/sub>Cl, HCl, HO<sub>2<\/sub> \u2013 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 ppbv \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1).<sup id=\"cite_ref-Villanueva_2012_64-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-Villanueva_2012-64\">[64]<\/a><\/sup> \u03a4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 6\u03b5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0386\u03c1\u03b7, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ae \u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03b1.<\/p>\n<div class=\"thumb tleft\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\">\n<p><a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:PIA19087-MarsCuriosityRover-GaleCrater-MethaneChart-20141216.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/dd\/PIA19087-MarsCuriosityRover-GaleCrater-MethaneChart-20141216.png\/300px-PIA19087-MarsCuriosityRover-GaleCrater-MethaneChart-20141216.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"194\" data-file-width=\"960\" data-file-height=\"621\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"thumb tleft\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\">\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<a title=\"\u039c\u03b5\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CE%B8%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF\">\u00a0\u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/a>\u00a0\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 <a title=\"\u0386\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 (\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2)\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7%CF%82_(%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AE%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82)\">\u0386\u03c1\u03b7<\/a> \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03b5\u03c1\u00a0<a title=\"Curiosity\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Curiosity\"><i>Curiosity<\/i> rover.<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf\u03bd \u0391\u03cd\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf 2012 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03b5\u03c1\u00a0<i><a title=\"Curiosity\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Curiosity\">\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1<\/a>\u00a0<\/i>\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0386\u03c1\u03b7. \u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03cc\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5.<sup id=\"cite_ref-65\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-65\">[65]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0\u03a4\u03bf 2012, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 <i>\u03c4\u03bf<\/i>\u00a0\u03a1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03b6\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03a6\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u039b\u03ad\u03b9\u03b6\u03b5\u03c1 (TLS)\u00a0\u03ad\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b1\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u00a0\u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2\u00a0\u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd 0 - 5 ppb,<sup id=\"cite_ref-66\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-66\">[66]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-Science-20121102_67-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-Science-20121102-67\">[67]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-Space-20121102_68-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-Space-20121102-68\">[68]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-NYT-20121102_69-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-NYT-20121102-69\">[69]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-Wired-20130718_70-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-Wired-20130718-70\">[70]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03ae 0,3 - 0,7 ppb.<sup id=\"cite_ref-71\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-71\">[71]<\/a><\/sup> \u03a4\u03bf 2013 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b2\u03c1\u03ad\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf \u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03ae.<sup id=\"cite_ref-SJ-20130919_72-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-SJ-20130919-72\">[72]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-SCI-20130919_73-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-SCI-20130919-73\">[73]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-NYT-20130919_74-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-NYT-20130919-74\">[74]<\/a><\/sup> \u00a0\u03a4\u03bf 2014 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5\u00a0\u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 ('\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b1') \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf \u03ba\u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf 2013 - 2014. \u03a4\u03ad\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ad\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf 7.2 ppb, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0386\u03c1\u03b7.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Webster_2015_75-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-Webster_2015-75\">[75]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03ad\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd\u00a0<a title=\"\u03a5\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%A5%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B3%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%BF\">\u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5<\/a>\/\u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0386\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"\u0396\u03c9\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0386\u03c1\u03b7\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%96%CF%89%CE%AE_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7\">\u03b6\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0386\u03c1\u03b7<\/a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-PNAS-20120607_76-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-PNAS-20120607-76\">[76]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-Space-20120625_77-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-Space-20120625-77\">[77]<\/a><\/sup> \u03a3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2, \"...\u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03af \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03b9 H<sub>2<\/sub>\/CH<sub>4<\/sub>\u00a0 (\u03bb\u03b9\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc 40) \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2.\"<\/p>\n<p>\u03a4\u03b7\u03bd 7 \u0399\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 2018, \u03c4\u03bf NASA \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03af\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc <a title=\"\u039c\u03b5\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CE%B8%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF\">\u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf<\/a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-NASA-20180607_78-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-NASA-20180607-78\">[78]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-NASA-20180607vid_79-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-NASA-20180607vid-79\">[79]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-SPC-20180607_80-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-SPC-20180607-80\">[80]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-NYT-20180607_81-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-NYT-20180607-81\">[81]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-SCI-20180607_82-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-SCI-20180607-82\">[82]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-SCI-20180608a_83-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-SCI-20180608a-83\">[83]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-SCI-20180608b_84-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-SCI-20180608b-84\">[84]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-SCI-20180608c_85-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-SCI-20180608c-85\">[85]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h3><span id=\".CE.94.CE.B9.CE.BF.CE.BE.CE.B5.CE.AF.CE.B4.CE.B9.CE.BF_.CF.84.CE.BF.CF.85_.CE.B8.CE.B5.CE.AF.CE.BF.CF.85\"><\/span><span id=\"\u0394\u03b9\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf_\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5_\u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\" class=\"mw-headline\">\u0394\u03b9\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u00a0<a title=\"\u0394\u03b9\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BE%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%B8%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85\">\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/a>\u00a0\u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b7\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2. \u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b8\u03ad\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u0391\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u00a0<a title=\"\u039c\u03b5\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CE%B8%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF\">\u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf<\/a>, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b7\u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 (\u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u0393\u03b7) \u03b8\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c0\u03c1\u03b5\u03c0\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2<a title=\"\u0394\u03b9\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BE%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%B8%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85\">\u00a0\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/a>. \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03a4\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03a5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03cd\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5 \u03b2\u03c1\u03ad\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5\u00a0<a title=\"\u0394\u03b9\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BE%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%B8%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85\">\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/a> \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0386\u03c1\u03b7, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ac \u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf \u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03af\u03c3\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 0,2 ppb. \u03a4\u03bf\u03bd \u039c\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf 2013 \u03b2\u03c1\u03ad\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03b4\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03a1\u03cc\u03ba\u03bd\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4 \u0386\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03b5\u03c1\u00a0<a title=\"Curiosity\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Curiosity\"><i>\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1<\/i><\/a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-McAdams13_86-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-McAdams13-86\">[86]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\">\n<p><a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Mars_rotation_simulation_december_2007.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/8\/8f\/Mars_rotation_simulation_december_2007.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"155\" data-file-width=\"160\" data-file-height=\"155\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\">\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0386\u03c1\u03b7 \u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7. \u03a4\u03bf \u03b5\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3><span id=\".CE.9F.CE.BE.CF.85.CE.B3.CF.8C.CE.BD.CE.BF\"><\/span><span id=\"\u039f\u03be\u03c5\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\" class=\"mw-headline\">\u039f\u03be\u03c5\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf 2016 \u03c4\u03bf\u00a0\u03a3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u0391\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03a5\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03c1\u03b7 \u0391\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 (SOFIA)\u00a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b5\u00a0<a title=\"\u0391\u03bb\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03be\u03c5\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CE%BB%CE%BB%CF%8C%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%BF%CE%BE%CF%85%CE%B3%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%85\">\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bf\u03be\u03c5\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf<\/a> \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0386\u03c1\u03b7,<sup id=\"cite_ref-nasa.gov_87-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-nasa.gov-87\">[87]<\/a><\/sup> \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1.<\/p>\n<h1 id=\"firstHeading\" class=\"firstHeading\">\u0391\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0386\u03c1\u03b7<\/h1>\n<div id=\"bodyContent\" class=\"mw-body-content\">\n<div id=\"siteSub\" class=\"noprint\">\u0391\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u0392\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1, \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c5\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1<\/div>\n<div id=\"contentSub\"><\/div>\n<div id=\"contentSub2\"><\/div>\n<div id=\"jump-to-nav\"><\/div>\n<p><a class=\"mw-jump-link\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#mw-head\">\u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ae\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7<\/a> <a class=\"mw-jump-link\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#searchInput\">\u03a0\u03ae\u03b4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b6\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7<\/a><\/p>\n<div id=\"mw-content-text\" class=\"mw-content-ltr\" dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"el\">\n<div class=\"mw-parser-output\">\n<table class=\"infobox\">\n<caption>\u0391\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0386\u03c1\u03b7<\/caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:2005-1103mars-full.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b8\/2005-1103mars-full.jpg\/200px-2005-1103mars-full.jpg\" alt=\"2005-1103mars-full.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" data-file-width=\"800\" data-file-height=\"800\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div>\u0395\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0386\u03c1\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae \u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03bf\u03b8\u03cd\u03b5\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bb\u03ae\u03c6\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf <a title=\"\u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03a7\u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03bb\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%83%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%80%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CE%A7%CE%B1%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%BB\">\u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03a7\u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03bb<\/a> \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd 28 \u039f\u03ba\u03c4.2005<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th colspan=\"2\">\u03a3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 <sup id=\"cite_ref-Abundance_1-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-Abundance-1\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\"><a title=\"\u0394\u03b9\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BE%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B8%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B1\">\u0394\u03b9\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 (CO<sub>2<\/sub>)<\/a><\/th>\n<td>95,97%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\"><a title=\"\u0391\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%81%CE%B3%CF%8C\">\u0391\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc (Ar)<\/a><\/th>\n<td>1,93%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\"><a title=\"\u0386\u03b6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%86%CE%B6%CF%89%CF%84%CE%BF\">\u0386\u03b6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf<\/a><\/th>\n<td>1,89\u00a0%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\"><a title=\"\u039f\u03be\u03c5\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%9F%CE%BE%CF%85%CE%B3%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%BF\">\u039f\u03be\u03c5\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf<\/a><\/th>\n<td>0,146\u00a0%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\"><a title=\"\u039c\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%9C%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BE%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B8%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B1\">\u039c\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 (CO)<\/a><\/th>\n<td>0,0557\u00a0%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0397 <b>\u0391\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0386\u03c1\u03b7<\/b> \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc <a title=\"\u0394\u03b9\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BE%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B8%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B1\">\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1<\/a>. \u0397 <a title=\"\u0391\u03c4\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CF%80%CE%AF%CE%B5%CF%83%CE%B7\">\u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7<\/a> \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf 600 <a title=\"\u03a0\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb (\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2)\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%AC%CE%BB_(%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B1_%CE%BC%CE%AD%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7%CF%82)\">\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb<\/a>\u00a0\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u00a0\u00a00,6% \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u0393\u03ae\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b8\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd 101,3 \u03c7\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb. \u0397 \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 30 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u00a0\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03c5\u03c6\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u00a0<a title=\"\u038c\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u038c\u03bb\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 (\u0386\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2)\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%8C%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%8C%CE%BB%CF%85%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%82_(%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7%CF%82)\">\u038c\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u038c\u03bb\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2<\/a>\u00a0\u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc 1.155 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b2\u03ac\u03b8\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 <a title=\"\u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03c2 (\u0386\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2)\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%AC%CF%82_(%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7%CF%82)\">\u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03c2 \u03a0\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1<\/a>. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2\u00a0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u0391\u03c1\u03bc\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b3\u03ba \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1. \u0397\u00a0<a title=\"\u0386\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 (\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2)\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7%CF%82_(%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AE%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82)\">\u0386\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae<\/a>\u00a0\u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd 25 <a title=\"\u03a4\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 (\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2)\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%A4%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%82_(%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B1_%CE%BC%CE%AD%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7%CF%82)\">\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd<\/a>\u00a0\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0393\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd 5148 <a title=\"\u03a4\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 (\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2)\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%A4%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%82_(%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B1_%CE%BC%CE%AD%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7%CF%82)\">\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u00b7<\/a> \u03bf \u0386\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03bb\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 \u03cd\u03c8\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03af\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 11,1 \u03c7\u03bb\u03bc\u00a0<sup id=\"cite_ref-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-2\">[2]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u0393\u03b7 8,5 \u03c7\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1.<sup id=\"cite_ref-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u0391\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae <a title=\"\u0391\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1\">\u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1<\/a> \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc 96% <a title=\"\u0394\u03b9\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BE%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B8%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B1\">\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1<\/a>, 1,9% <a title=\"\u0391\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%81%CE%B3%CF%8C\">\u03b1\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc<\/a>, 1,9% <a title=\"\u0386\u03b6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%86%CE%B6%CF%89%CF%84%CE%BF\">\u03ac\u03b6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf<\/a>\u00a0\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 <a title=\"\u039f\u03be\u03c5\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%9F%CE%BE%CF%85%CE%B3%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%BF\">\u03bf\u03be\u03c5\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5<\/a>, <a title=\"\u039c\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%9C%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BE%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B8%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B1\">\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1<\/a>, <a title=\"\u039d\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%9D%CE%B5%CF%81%CF%8C\">\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd<\/a>\u00a0\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 <a title=\"\u039c\u03b5\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CE%B8%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF\">\u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/a>\u00a0\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd, \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1 \u03af\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 43.34 g\/mol.<sup id=\"cite_ref-numbers_4-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-numbers-4\">[4]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-mean_molar_mass_5-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-mean_molar_mass-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup> \u03a4\u03bf 2003 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b7 <a title=\"\u039c\u03b5\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CE%B8%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF\">\u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/a>\u00a0<sup id=\"cite_ref-whodunit_6-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-whodunit-6\">[6]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-methane3_7-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-methane3-7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup> \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u00a0\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 <a title=\"\u0396\u03c9\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0386\u03c1\u03b7\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%96%CF%89%CE%AE_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7\">\u03b6\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2<\/a> \u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u00a0<a title=\"\u0393\u03b5\u03c9\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%93%CE%B5%CF%89%CF%87%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1\">\u03b3\u03b5\u03c9\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2<\/a> \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2, <a title=\"\u0397\u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%97%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%AF%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%BF\">\u03b7\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae<\/a>\u00a0\u03ae \u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1.<sup id=\"cite_ref-M123_8-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-M123-8\">[8]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9, \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1, \u03c7\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0391\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc \u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03c4\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03c4\u03af \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03af-\u03ba\u03cc\u03ba\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b2\u03bb\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03b5\u03c1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0386\u03c1\u03b7\u00a0\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03b9\u03c9\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 1,5 <a title=\"\u039c\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%9C%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%81%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF\">\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd<\/a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-dusty_9-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-dusty-9\">[9]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u03a4\u03b7\u03bd 16 \u0394\u03b5\u03ba\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 2014, \u03c4\u03bf NASA \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 <a title=\"\u039c\u03b5\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CE%B8%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF\">\u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/a> \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 <a title=\"\u0386\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 (\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2)\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7%CF%82_(%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AE%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82)\">\u0386\u03c1\u03b7<\/a>. <a title=\"\u039f\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%9F%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%AD%CE%BD%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B7\">\u039f\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2<\/a> \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03be\u03cc\u03c1\u03c5\u03be\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03b5\u03c1\u00a0<a title=\"Curiosity\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Curiosity\"><i>\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1<\/i><\/a> \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03c1\u03ac\u03c7\u03bf. \u03a3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"\u0394\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%94%CE%B5%CF%85%CF%84%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF\">\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/a> \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2<a title=\"\u03a5\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%A5%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B3%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%BF\">\u00a0\u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf<\/a>, \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u00a0\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0391\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b1 \u0393\u03ba\u03ad\u03b9\u03bb\u00a0\u03c7\u03ac\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03bf \u03c0\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bb\u03af\u03bc\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b1\u00b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9.<sup id=\"cite_ref-NASA-20141216-GW_10-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-NASA-20141216-GW-10\">[10]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-NYT-20141216-KC_11-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-NYT-20141216-KC-11\">[11]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-SCI-20141216-PRM_12-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-SCI-20141216-PRM-12\">[12]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u03a4\u03b7\u03bd 18 \u039c\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 2015, \u03c4\u03bf NASA \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u00a0<a title=\"\u03a3\u03ad\u03bb\u03b1\u03c2\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%A3%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%82\">\u03c3\u03ad\u03bb\u03b1\u03c2<\/a>\u00a0\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03be\u03ae\u03b3\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03bf \u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0391\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1.<sup id=\"cite_ref-NASA-20150318_13-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-NASA-20150318-13\">[13]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\">\n<p><a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Martian_Methane_Map.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/cd\/Martian_Methane_Map.jpg\/220px-Martian_Methane_Map.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"220\" height=\"124\" data-file-width=\"1280\" data-file-height=\"720\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\">\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\u0397 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0391\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u03a4\u03b7\u03bd 4 \u0391\u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 2015, \u03c4\u03bf NASA \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03af\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd, \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u00a0\u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u0391\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u0394\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd (SAM) \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03b5\u03c1\u00a0<a title=\"Curiosity\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Curiosity\"><i>\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1<\/i><\/a>, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 <a title=\"\u0399\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%99%CF%83%CF%8C%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%BF\">\u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c4\u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"\u039e\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%9E%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%BF\">\u03be\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5<\/a>\u00a0\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 <a title=\"\u0391\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%81%CE%B3%CF%8C\">\u03b1\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd<\/a>. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03b6\u03b1\u03bd\u00a0 \"\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7\" \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0386\u03c1\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5 <a title=\"\u039a\u03bb\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%9A%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1\">\u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae<\/a>\u00a0\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03c1\u03ad\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5\u00a0\u0391\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2\u00a0\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u0393\u03b7.<sup id=\"cite_ref-NASA-20150331_14-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-NASA-20150331-14\">[14]<\/a><\/sup> \u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03c7\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03cc\u03c1\u03bc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u00a0<a title=\"MAVEN\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MAVEN\">MAVEN<\/a> \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03b9\u03ac \u03b3\u03cd\u03c1\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u00a0<a title=\"\u0386\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 (\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2)\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7%CF%82_(%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AE%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82)\">\u0386\u03c1\u03b7<\/a>, \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf <a title=\"\u0397\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%97%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B5%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%82\">\u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2<\/a> \u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03cd\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b3\u03cd\u03bc\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0386\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd.<sup id=\"cite_ref-15\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-15\">[15]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf\u03bd \u03a3\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ad\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf 2017, \u03c4\u03bf NASA \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1\u00a0<a title=\"\u0391\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B1\">\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/a>\u00a0\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0391\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03b2\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03c5\u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 <a title=\"\u03a3\u03ad\u03bb\u03b1\u03c2\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%A3%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%82\">\u03c3\u03ad\u03bb\u03b1\u03c2<\/a>\u00a0\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac 25 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf, \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03b7\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"\u03a3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03ba\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03c0\u03ae \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1\u03c2\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%A3%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%BC%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B5%CE%BA%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%AE_%CE%BC%CE%AC%CE%B6%CE%B1%CF%82\">\u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03b3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2<\/a>\u00a0\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03ae\u03bd\u03b1.<sup id=\"cite_ref-PHYS-20170930_16-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-PHYS-20170930-16\">[16]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u03a4\u03b7\u03bd 1\u03b7 \u0399\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 2018, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 NASA \u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b7 <a title=\"\u0391\u03bc\u03bc\u03bf\u03b8\u03cd\u03b5\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CE%BC%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%B8%CF%8D%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B1\">\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03bf\u03b8\u03cd\u03b5\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03c2<\/a> \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u00a0<a title=\"\u0386\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 (\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2)\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7%CF%82_(%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AE%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82)\">\u0386\u03c1\u03b7<\/a>, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u00a0<a title=\"\u0397\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%97%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1\">\u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1<\/a>\u00a0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03b5\u03c1 <i>\u0395\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1<\/i>, \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03c2.\u00a0\u0391\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd 12 \u0399\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03b3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c8\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03b7 \u0392\u03cc\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u0391\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03a1\u03c9\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b6\u03af (1\/4 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7). \u03a4\u03b7\u03bd 13 \u0399\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c4\u03bf<i>\u00a0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03b5\u03c1 \u0395\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1<\/i> \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c9\u03c0\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03bf\u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03bf\u03b8\u03cd\u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c2<sup id=\"cite_ref-SA-20180613_17-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-SA-20180613-17\">[17]<\/a><\/sup> <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fIKxdRFx2Wo\" rel=\"nofollow\">\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c8\u03b7<\/a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-SPC-20180612_18-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-SPC-20180612-18\">[18]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-NASA-20180612_19-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-NASA-20180612-19\">[19]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-NASA-20180613ag_20-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-NASA-20180613ag-20\">[20]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-NASA-20180613_21-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-NASA-20180613-21\">[21]<\/a><\/sup> \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0399\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf 2018, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03ae\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae \u03c7\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 <a title=\"\u0386\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 (\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2)\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7%CF%82_(%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AE%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82)\">\u0386\u03c1\u03b7<\/a> \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ad\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03a3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u039c\u03ad\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1 \u03a6\u03cc\u03c3\u03c3\u03b1.<sup id=\"cite_ref-NC-20180720_22-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-NC-20180720-22\">[22]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u03a4\u03b7\u03bd 7 \u0399\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 2018, \u03c4\u03bf NASA \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03af\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae, \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u00a0<a title=\"\u039c\u03b5\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CE%B8%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF\">\u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/a>.<\/p>\n<div id=\"toc\" class=\"toc\" role=\"navigation\" aria-labelledby=\"mw-toc-heading\">\n<div class=\"toctitle\" dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"el\">\n<h2 id=\"mw-toc-heading\">\u03a0\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd<\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#\u0394\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">1<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">\u0394\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2_\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9_\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2_\u03b1\u03c0\u03cc_\u03c4\u03b7_\u0393\u03b7\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u0393\u03b7<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-3\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#\u03a3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">\u03a3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-4\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#\u0394\u03b9\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf_\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5_\u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3.1<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">\u0394\u03b9\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-5\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#\u0391\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3.2<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">\u0391\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-6\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#\u039d\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3.3<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">\u039d\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-7\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#\u03a4\u03bf_\u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3.4<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">\u03a4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-8\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#\u0394\u03b9\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf_\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5_\u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3.5<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">\u0394\u03b9\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-9\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#\u039f\u03be\u03c5\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3.6<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">\u039f\u03be\u03c5\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-10\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#\u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">4<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">\u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span id=\".CE.94.CE.BF.CE.BC.CE.AE\"><\/span><span id=\"\u0394\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\" class=\"mw-headline\">\u0394\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae<\/span><\/h2>\n<table class=\"wikitable plainrowheaders\">\n<caption>\u03a3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u00a0<a title=\"\u0391\u03c4\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CF%80%CE%AF%CE%B5%CF%83%CE%B7\">\u03a0\u03b9\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd<\/a><\/caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"col\">\u03a4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\">\u03a0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\">\u039a\u03bf\u03c1\u03c5\u03c6\u03ae\u00a0<a title=\"\u038c\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u038c\u03bb\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 (\u0386\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2)\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%8C%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%8C%CE%BB%CF%85%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%82_(%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7%CF%82)\">\u038c\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u038c\u03bb\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2<\/a><\/th>\n<td>0,03 <a title=\"\u03a0\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb (\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2)\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%AC%CE%BB_(%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B1_%CE%BC%CE%AD%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7%CF%82)\">\u03c7\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\">\u0386\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 (\u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7)<\/th>\n<td>0,6 \u03c7\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\">\u03a0\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"\u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03c2 (\u0386\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2)\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%AC%CF%82_(%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7%CF%82)\">\u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03c2 \u03a0\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1<\/a><\/th>\n<td>1,16 \u03c7\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\">\u038c\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u0386\u03c1\u03bc\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b3\u03ba<\/th>\n<td>6,25 \u03c7\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\">\u039a\u03bf\u03c1\u03c5\u03c6\u03ae \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u0388\u03b2\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u00a0<sup id=\"cite_ref-23\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-23\">[23]<\/a><\/sup><\/th>\n<td>33,7 \u03c7\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\">\u0393\u03b7 (\u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf \u03b8\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c3\u03b1\u03c2)<\/th>\n<td>101,3 \u03c7\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0397 \u0391\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>\u0395\u03be\u03ce\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1<\/b>: \u0391\u03c1\u03c7\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03cd\u03c8\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc 200 \u03c7\u03bb\u03bc., \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03c7\u03c9\u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2. \u0394\u03b5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf \u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae.<\/li>\n<li><b>\u0391\u03bd\u03ce\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1<\/b>, \u03ae <b>\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1<\/b>: \u03a3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c8\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c6\u03b5\u03af\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b8\u03ad\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0389\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03ad\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9, \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae \u03bc\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2.<\/li>\n<li><b>\u039c\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1<\/b>: \u03a3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c8\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c1\u03ad\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bf \u0391\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"\u0391\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82\">\u03b1\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><b>\u0391\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1<\/b>: \u0397 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03ae \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03b4\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 <a title=\"\u03a3\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%A3%CE%BA%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B7\">\u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"thumb tleft\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\">\n<div id=\"mwe_player_0\" class=\"PopUpMediaTransform\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/20\/Solar_Wind_Strips_the_Martian_Atmosphere.webm\/250px--Solar_Wind_Strips_the_Martian_Atmosphere.webm.jpg\" alt=\"\u0391\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf:Solar Wind Strips the Martian Atmosphere.webm\" \/><a title=\"\u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\" href=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/2\/20\/Solar_Wind_Strips_the_Martian_Atmosphere.webm\" target=\"new\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"play-btn-large\"><span class=\"mw-tmh-playtext\">\u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"thumb tleft\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\">\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\u039f <a title=\"\u0397\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%97%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B5%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%82\">\u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2<\/a>\u00a0\u03c3\u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b9\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u0391\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1<br \/>\n(\u03b2\u03af\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf (01:13); 5 \u039d\u03bf\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 2015)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u03a5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd, \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03b7 \u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1,<sup id=\"cite_ref-24\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-24\">[24]<\/a><\/sup> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1 \u03cc\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf.<sup id=\"cite_ref-25\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-25\">[25]<\/a><\/sup> \u03a4\u03bf 2015 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03cc\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u00a0<i>MAVEN<\/i> \u03ad\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03b5\u03be\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c5\u03ba\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b9\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd.<sup id=\"cite_ref-26\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-26\">[26]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u039f\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c1\u03bc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u00a0<i><a title=\"MAVEN\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MAVEN\">MAVEN<\/a><\/i><sup id=\"cite_ref-27\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-27\">[27]<\/a><\/sup> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u00a0ExoMars Trace Gas, \u03ad\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c5\u03ba\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c5\u03ba\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd.<sup id=\"cite_ref-28\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-28\">[28]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h2><span id=\".CE.A0.CE.B1.CF.81.CE.B1.CF.84.CE.B7.CF.81.CE.AE.CF.83.CE.B5.CE.B9.CF.82_.CE.BA.CE.B1.CE.B9_.CE.BC.CE.B5.CF.84.CF.81.CE.AE.CF.83.CE.B5.CE.B9.CF.82_.CE.B1.CF.80.CF.8C_.CF.84.CE.B7_.CE.93.CE.B7\"><\/span><span id=\"\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2_\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9_\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2_\u03b1\u03c0\u03cc_\u03c4\u03b7_\u0393\u03b7\" class=\"mw-headline\">\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u0393\u03b7<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"thumbinner\">\n<p><a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:%CE%91%CF%86%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%AF%CF%84%CE%B7-%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7%CF%82-%CE%93%CE%AE-%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/43\/%CE%91%CF%86%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%AF%CF%84%CE%B7-%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7%CF%82-%CE%93%CE%AE-%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1.png\/220px-%CE%91%CF%86%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%AF%CF%84%CE%B7-%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7%CF%82-%CE%93%CE%AE-%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"220\" height=\"211\" data-file-width=\"591\" data-file-height=\"568\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\">\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 <a title=\"\u0391\u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03af\u03c4\u03b7 (\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2)\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%86%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%AF%CF%84%CE%B7_(%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AE%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82)\">\u0391\u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2<\/a>, \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 <a title=\"\u0386\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 (\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2)\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7%CF%82_(%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AE%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82)\">\u0386\u03c1\u03b7<\/a> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 <a title=\"\u0393\u03b7\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%93%CE%B7\">\u0393\u03b7\u03c2<\/a>.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf 1864, \u03bf \u0393\u03bf\u03c5\u03af\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc \u03a1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1 \u039d\u03c4\u03cc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \"\u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03cc\u03ba\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c7\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03bf\u03c6\u03b5\u03af\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf, \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7.\"<sup id=\"cite_ref-dawes_29-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-dawes-29\">[29]<\/a><\/sup> \u03a6\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5 1860 -1870<sup id=\"cite_ref-campbell_30-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-campbell-30\">[30]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-31\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-31\">[31]<\/a><\/sup> \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03ad\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0386\u03c1\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0393\u03b7\u03c2. \u03a4\u03bf 1894, \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2, \u03bc\u03b5\u00a0<a title=\"\u03a6\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%A6%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%AF%CE%B1\">\u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7<\/a> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u00a0\u0393\u03bf\u03c5\u03af\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc \u0393\u03bf\u03c5\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03c2 \u039a\u03ac\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf \u0386\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u00a0<a title=\"\u03a3\u03b5\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd\u03b7\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%A3%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%AE%CE%BD%CE%B7\">\u03a6\u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9<\/a>, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf 1926, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u00a0\u0393\u03bf\u03c5\u03af\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc \u03a7\u03ac\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4 \u03a1\u03ac\u03b9\u03c4 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u00a0<a title=\"\u0391\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u039b\u03b9\u03ba\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF_%CE%9B%CE%B9%CE%BA\">\u0391\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u039b\u03b9\u03ba<\/a>\u00a0\u03b5\u03c0\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c8\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u00a0\u03a7\u03ac\u03bf\u03c5\u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03c4 \u039d\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bd\u03c4 \u039c\u03ad\u03bd\u03b6\u03b5\u03bb \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0391\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1 .<sup id=\"cite_ref-32\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-32\">[32]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-33\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-33\">[33]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h2><span id=\".CE.A3.CF.8D.CF.83.CF.84.CE.B1.CF.83.CE.B7\"><\/span><span id=\"\u03a3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\" class=\"mw-headline\">\u03a3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"thumbinner\">\n<p><a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:PIA16460_Mars_Atmosphere_Gases_20121102.svg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/27\/PIA16460_Mars_Atmosphere_Gases_20121102.svg\/150px-PIA16460_Mars_Atmosphere_Gases_20121102.svg.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"125\" data-file-width=\"544\" data-file-height=\"453\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"thumb tleft\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\">\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c6\u03b8\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0391\u03c1\u03b7<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3><span id=\".CE.94.CE.B9.CE.BF.CE.BE.CE.B5.CE.AF.CE.B4.CE.B9.CE.BF_.CF.84.CE.BF.CF.85_.CE.AC.CE.BD.CE.B8.CF.81.CE.B1.CE.BA.CE.B1\"><\/span><span id=\"\u0394\u03b9\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf_\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5_\u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\" class=\"mw-headline\">\u0394\u03b9\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0397 \u0391\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac 95,9% \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 (CO<sub>2<\/sub>). \u0388\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2\u00a0\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c8\u03cd\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf 25% \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd CO<sub>2<\/sub> \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03c5\u03ba\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u00a0CO<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0(<a title=\"\u039e\u03b7\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%9E%CE%B7%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%82_%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%B3%CE%BF%CF%82\">\u03be\u03b7\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2<\/a>). \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ae\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf,\u00a0\u03bf \u03c0\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2\u00a0CO<sub>2<\/sub> <a title=\"\u0395\u03be\u03ac\u03c7\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%95%CE%BE%CE%AC%CF%87%CE%BD%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B7\">\u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c7\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9<\/a>\u00a0\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03cd\u03c1\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u0391\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2.<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\".CE.91.CF.81.CE.B3.CF.8C\"><\/span><span id=\"\u0391\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\" class=\"mw-headline\">\u0391\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc<\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"thumbinner\">\n<p><a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:PIA16818-MarsCuriosityRover-Argon-AtmosphericLoss.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/4a\/PIA16818-MarsCuriosityRover-Argon-AtmosphericLoss.png\/150px-PIA16818-MarsCuriosityRover-Argon-AtmosphericLoss.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"113\" data-file-width=\"960\" data-file-height=\"720\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\">\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\"><a title=\"\u0391\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%81%CE%B3%CF%8C\">\u039f\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c4\u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd<\/a>\u00a0\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd\u00a0\u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0386\u03c1\u03b7.<sup id=\"cite_ref-NASA-20130408_34-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-NASA-20130408-34\">[34]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-Space-20130408_35-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-Space-20130408-35\">[35]<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0397 \u0391\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf <a title=\"\u0395\u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae \u03b1\u03ad\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%95%CF%85%CE%B3%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%AE_%CE%B1%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B1\">\u03b5\u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03ad\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf<\/a> <a title=\"\u0391\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%81%CE%B3%CF%8C\">\u03b1\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc<\/a>,\u00a0\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u00a0\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba \u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b7 \u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ae. \u03a5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03ac\u03bd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u00a0\u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0391\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1, \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c6\u03b8\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c1\u03bf \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03ad\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c7\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03be\u03b7.<sup id=\"cite_ref-weather_36-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-weather-36\">[36]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h3><span id=\".CE.9D.CE.B5.CF.81.CF.8C\"><\/span><span id=\"\u039d\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\" class=\"mw-headline\">\u039d\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u00a0\u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 <a title=\"\u0395\u03be\u03ac\u03c7\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%95%CE%BE%CE%AC%CF%87%CE%BD%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B7\">\u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c7\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9<\/a>\u00a0\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1, \u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc. \u039f\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 <a title=\"\u03a3\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%A3%CE%BA%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B7\">\u03c7\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/a>\u00a0\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 <a title=\"\u03a5\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%A5%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82\">\u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd<\/a> \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd<a title=\"\u03a0\u03ac\u03c7\u03bd\u03b7\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%A0%CE%AC%CF%87%CE%BD%CE%B7\">\u00a0\u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2<\/a>\u00a0\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"\u0398\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%98%CF%8D%CF%83%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%B9\">\u03b8\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2<\/a>\u00a0\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0393\u03b7\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u00a0\u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03b5\u03c1\u00a0<i>\u0395\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1<\/i>\u00a0\u03c4\u03bf 2004.<sup id=\"cite_ref-clouds_37-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-clouds-37\">[37]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0\u03a4\u03b7\u03bd 31 \u0399\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 2008 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"NASA\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NASA\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 NASA<\/a>\u00a0\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd\u00a0\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae \u03a6\u03bf\u03af\u03bd\u03b9\u03be \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9\u00a0\u03b2\u03c1\u03ad\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03cd\u03b4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0391\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd \u03b2\u03cc\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\".CE.A4.CE.BF_.CE.BC.CE.B5.CE.B8.CE.AC.CE.BD.CE.B9.CE.BF\"><\/span><span id=\"\u03a4\u03bf_\u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\" class=\"mw-headline\">\u03a4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf<\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"thumbinner\">\n<p><a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:%CE%A0%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AD%CF%82_%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B5%CF%82_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/e6\/%CE%A0%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AD%CF%82_%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B5%CF%82_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7.jpg\/300px-%CE%A0%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AD%CF%82_%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B5%CF%82_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"270\" data-file-width=\"665\" data-file-height=\"599\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"thumb tleft\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\">\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\u03a0\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03ad\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0386\u03c1\u03b7.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u038a\u03c7\u03bd\u03b7 <a title=\"\u039c\u03b5\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CE%B8%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF\">\u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/a> (CH<sub>4<\/sub>)\u00a0\u00a0\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0391\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 NASA \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u00a0\u039a\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03a0\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u0393\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03c4\u00a0\u03c4\u03bf 2003.<sup id=\"cite_ref-38\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-38\">[38]<\/a><\/sup> \u03a4\u03bf \u039c\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf 2004 \u03c4\u03bf \u03cc\u03c1\u03bc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1 \u0386\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 \u0395\u03be\u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ad\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b1\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 <a title=\"\u039c\u03b5\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CE%B8%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF\">\u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/a> \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 10 <a title=\"Ppm (\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2)\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ppm_(%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B1_%CE%BC%CE%AD%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7%CF%82)\">ppb<\/a> (\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac \u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf).<sup id=\"cite_ref-Krasnopolskya_39-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-Krasnopolskya-39\">[39]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-Formisano_40-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-Formisano-40\">[40]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-methane_41-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-methane-41\">[41]<\/a><\/sup> \u039f\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5 2003 - 2006 \u03ad\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5.<sup id=\"cite_ref-42\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-42\">[42]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf \u03b8\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c6\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b1\u03ad\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1, \u03ac\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1 \u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c6\u03b5\u03af\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03b5\u03b9\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae. \u03a4\u03b1\u00a0<a title=\"\u03a6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%A6%CF%89%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%87%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1\">\u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac<\/a> \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b1 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5.<sup id=\"cite_ref-43\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-43\">[43]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-44\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-44\">[44]<\/a><\/sup> \u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03ac\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf \u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03ad\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5,<sup id=\"cite_ref-45\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-45\">[45]<\/a><\/sup> \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u00a0<a title=\"\u0399\u03bc\u03c0\u03af\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb \u039a\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03b6 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039b\u03bf\u03bd\u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%99%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%AF%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BB_%CE%9A%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B6_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%9B%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%85\">\u0399\u03bc\u03c0\u03af\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb \u039a\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03b6 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039b\u03bf\u03bd\u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5<\/a> \u03ad\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b1\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03c1\u03bf\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf \u03b8\u03b1 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2.<sup id=\"cite_ref-46\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-46\">[46]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\">\n<p><a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:%CE%A0%CE%B7%CE%B3%CE%AD%CF%82_%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/94\/%CE%A0%CE%B7%CE%B3%CE%AD%CF%82_%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7.png\/500px-%CE%A0%CE%B7%CE%B3%CE%AD%CF%82_%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" data-file-width=\"1024\" data-file-height=\"768\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\">\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\u03a0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03cc\u03b8\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0386\u03c1\u03b7<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0397 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 0,6 ~4 \u03b3\u03ae\u03b9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1,<sup id=\"cite_ref-plumes_47-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-plumes-47\">[47]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-Lef\u00e8vre_48-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-Lef\u00e8vre-48\">[48]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7. \u0397 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u00a0~350 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1,\u00a0\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c6\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u00a0(\"\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03cc\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\") \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac 100 \u03bc\u03b5 600 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03b1. \u03a4\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03be\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ae \u03b1\u03b5\u03b9\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae.<sup id=\"cite_ref-49\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-49\">[49]<\/a><\/sup> \u03a4\u03bf 2014 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03cc\u03b8\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7.<sup id=\"cite_ref-50\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-50\">[50]<\/a><\/sup> \u038a\u03c3\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03c5\u03ba\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c7\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ba\u03bb\u03b1\u03b8\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac.<sup id=\"cite_ref-51\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-51\">[51]<\/a><\/sup> \u0389 \u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03b6\u03af\u03b1 (SiO<br \/>\n<sub>2<\/sub>) \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 <a title=\"\u039f\u03bb\u03b9\u03b2\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%9F%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%B2%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%82\">\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03b2\u03af\u03bd\u03b7<\/a> \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd Si\u2013CH<br \/>\n<sub>3<\/sub>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Methane_sink_2014_52-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-Methane_sink_2014-52\">[52]<\/a><\/sup> \u03a4\u03bf \u0391\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf \u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ad\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u00a0 \u03bc\u03b7-\u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd-\u03b2\u03c1\u03ac\u03c7\u03c9\u03bd, \u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u00a0\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u00a0<a title=\"\u03a3\u03b9\u03b4\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%A3%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%B7%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%85%CF%81%CE%AF%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82\">\u03c3\u03b9\u03b4\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7<\/a>, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd <a title=\"\u03a5\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%A5%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B3%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%BF\">H<sub>2<\/sub><\/a> , \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ac\u03ba\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2\u00a0Fischer\u2013Tropsch\u00a0\u03bc\u03b5 <a title=\"\u039c\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%9C%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BE%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B8%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B1\">CO<\/a> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 CO<sub>2<\/sub>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-asc.2010_53-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-asc.2010-53\">[53]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0\u0395\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf \u03b8\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc, \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03c1\u03c5\u03ba\u03c4\u03cc <a title=\"\u039f\u03bb\u03b9\u03b2\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%9F%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%B2%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%82\">\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03b2\u03af\u03bd\u03b7<\/a>\u00a0\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0386\u03c1\u03b7.<sup id=\"cite_ref-olivine_54-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-olivine-54\">[54]<\/a><\/sup> \u039f\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 (\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb. \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7) \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c6\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc.<sup id=\"cite_ref-55\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-55\">[55]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-56\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-56\">[56]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0\u039f \u03c3\u03b5\u03c1\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03c1\u03c5\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7. \u03a3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u0393\u03b7, \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c0\u03bd\u03bf\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c3\u03b5\u03c1\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b2\u03c1\u03ac\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0386\u03c1\u03b7.<sup id=\"cite_ref-57\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-57\">[57]<\/a><\/sup> \u0395\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b1\u03af\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c5\u03b4\u03b1\u03c4\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c1\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2\u00a0\u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac.<sup id=\"cite_ref-58\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-58\">[58]<\/a><\/sup> \u039c\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03cb\u03c0\u03cc\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u0391\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03c1\u03cd\u03bf, \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1\u00a0\u03b8\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03bb\u03b1\u03b8\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ae \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b2\u03ac\u03b8\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b5\u03c5\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Lasue_2015_59-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-Lasue_2015-59\">[59]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\">\n<p><a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%AF_%CE%BA%CF%8D%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B9_%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/cf\/%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%AF_%CE%BA%CF%8D%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B9_%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7.jpg\/600px-%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%AF_%CE%BA%CF%8D%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B9_%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" data-file-width=\"1280\" data-file-height=\"720\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\">\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\"><i>\u03a4\u03bf \u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03b5\u03c1 <a title=\"Curiosity\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Curiosity\">\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1<\/a> \u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae<\/i>\u00a0\u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u039c\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0391\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b2\u03c1\u03ad\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc \u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03cd\u03c8\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5. \u039c\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03bf\u03b8\u03cd\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce\u00a0\u03c0\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03ac\u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5. \u0397 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03ba\u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03ad\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf CO<sub>2<\/sub> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0391\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 1.41\u00d710<sup>16<\/sup> \u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac joule \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2.<sup id=\"cite_ref-60\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-60\">[60]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-61\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-61\">[61]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u039c\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u00a0<a title=\"\u039c\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%9C%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82\">\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af<\/a>,\u00a0\u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1,\u00a0\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0386\u03c1\u03b7. \u03a3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u0393\u03ae\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c9\u03ba\u03b5\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u00a0<a title=\"\u0391\u03b9\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CE%B9%CE%B8%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF\">\u03b1\u03b9\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf<\/a>, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03c4\u03bf \u03b7\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc <a title=\"\u0394\u03b9\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BE%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%B8%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85\">\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/a>. \u0395\u03c6\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5 \u03b2\u03c1\u03ad\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03af\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Krasnopolsky12_62-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-Krasnopolsky12-62\">[62]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-Encrenaz11_63-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-Encrenaz11-63\">[63]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf 2011 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03cd\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ce\u03bd (\u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf) \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0386\u03c1\u03b7, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03c7\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2: \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf (&lt;7 ppbv), \u03b1\u03b9\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf (&lt;0.2 ppbv), \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7 (&lt;19 ppbv) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 (<a title=\"\u039c\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CE%B8%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B7\">H<sub>2<\/sub>CO<\/a>, <a title=\"\u0391\u03b9\u03b8\u03af\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CE%B9%CE%B8%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF\">C<sub>2<\/sub>H<sub>2<\/sub><\/a>, <a title=\"\u0391\u03b9\u03b8\u03ad\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CE%B9%CE%B8%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF\">C<sub>2<\/sub>H<sub>4<\/sub><\/a>, N<sub>2<\/sub>O, NH<sub>3<\/sub>, HCN, CH<sub>3<\/sub>Cl, HCl, HO<sub>2<\/sub> \u2013 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 ppbv \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1).<sup id=\"cite_ref-Villanueva_2012_64-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-Villanueva_2012-64\">[64]<\/a><\/sup> \u03a4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 6\u03b5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0386\u03c1\u03b7, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ae \u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03b1.<\/p>\n<div class=\"thumb tleft\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\">\n<p><a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:PIA19087-MarsCuriosityRover-GaleCrater-MethaneChart-20141216.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/dd\/PIA19087-MarsCuriosityRover-GaleCrater-MethaneChart-20141216.png\/300px-PIA19087-MarsCuriosityRover-GaleCrater-MethaneChart-20141216.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"194\" data-file-width=\"960\" data-file-height=\"621\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"thumb tleft\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\">\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<a title=\"\u039c\u03b5\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CE%B8%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF\">\u00a0\u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/a>\u00a0\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 <a title=\"\u0386\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 (\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2)\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7%CF%82_(%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AE%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82)\">\u0386\u03c1\u03b7<\/a> \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03b5\u03c1\u00a0<a title=\"Curiosity\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Curiosity\"><i>Curiosity<\/i> rover.<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf\u03bd \u0391\u03cd\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf 2012 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03b5\u03c1\u00a0<i><a title=\"Curiosity\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Curiosity\">\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1<\/a>\u00a0<\/i>\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0386\u03c1\u03b7. \u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03cc\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5.<sup id=\"cite_ref-65\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-65\">[65]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0\u03a4\u03bf 2012, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 <i>\u03c4\u03bf<\/i>\u00a0\u03a1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03b6\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03a6\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u039b\u03ad\u03b9\u03b6\u03b5\u03c1 (TLS)\u00a0\u03ad\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b1\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u00a0\u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2\u00a0\u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd 0 - 5 ppb,<sup id=\"cite_ref-66\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-66\">[66]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-Science-20121102_67-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-Science-20121102-67\">[67]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-Space-20121102_68-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-Space-20121102-68\">[68]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-NYT-20121102_69-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-NYT-20121102-69\">[69]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-Wired-20130718_70-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-Wired-20130718-70\">[70]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03ae 0,3 - 0,7 ppb.<sup id=\"cite_ref-71\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-71\">[71]<\/a><\/sup> \u03a4\u03bf 2013 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b2\u03c1\u03ad\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf \u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03ae.<sup id=\"cite_ref-SJ-20130919_72-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-SJ-20130919-72\">[72]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-SCI-20130919_73-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-SCI-20130919-73\">[73]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-NYT-20130919_74-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-NYT-20130919-74\">[74]<\/a><\/sup> \u00a0\u03a4\u03bf 2014 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5\u00a0\u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 ('\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b1') \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf \u03ba\u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf 2013 - 2014. \u03a4\u03ad\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ad\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf 7.2 ppb, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0386\u03c1\u03b7.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Webster_2015_75-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-Webster_2015-75\">[75]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03ad\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd\u00a0<a title=\"\u03a5\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%A5%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B3%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%BF\">\u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5<\/a>\/\u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0386\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2\u00a0<a title=\"\u0396\u03c9\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0386\u03c1\u03b7\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%96%CF%89%CE%AE_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7\">\u03b6\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0386\u03c1\u03b7<\/a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-PNAS-20120607_76-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-PNAS-20120607-76\">[76]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-Space-20120625_77-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-Space-20120625-77\">[77]<\/a><\/sup> \u03a3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2, \"...\u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03af \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03b9 H<sub>2<\/sub>\/CH<sub>4<\/sub>\u00a0 (\u03bb\u03b9\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc 40) \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2.\"<\/p>\n<p>\u03a4\u03b7\u03bd 7 \u0399\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 2018, \u03c4\u03bf NASA \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03af\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc <a title=\"\u039c\u03b5\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CE%B8%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF\">\u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf<\/a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-NASA-20180607_78-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-NASA-20180607-78\">[78]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-NASA-20180607vid_79-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-NASA-20180607vid-79\">[79]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-SPC-20180607_80-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-SPC-20180607-80\">[80]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-NYT-20180607_81-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-NYT-20180607-81\">[81]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-SCI-20180607_82-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-SCI-20180607-82\">[82]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-SCI-20180608a_83-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-SCI-20180608a-83\">[83]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-SCI-20180608b_84-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-SCI-20180608b-84\">[84]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-SCI-20180608c_85-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-SCI-20180608c-85\">[85]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h3><span id=\".CE.94.CE.B9.CE.BF.CE.BE.CE.B5.CE.AF.CE.B4.CE.B9.CE.BF_.CF.84.CE.BF.CF.85_.CE.B8.CE.B5.CE.AF.CE.BF.CF.85\"><\/span><span id=\"\u0394\u03b9\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf_\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5_\u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\" class=\"mw-headline\">\u0394\u03b9\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u00a0<a title=\"\u0394\u03b9\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BE%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%B8%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85\">\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/a>\u00a0\u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b7\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2. \u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b8\u03ad\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u0391\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u00a0<a title=\"\u039c\u03b5\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CE%B8%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF\">\u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf<\/a>, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b7\u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 (\u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u0393\u03b7) \u03b8\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c0\u03c1\u03b5\u03c0\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2<a title=\"\u0394\u03b9\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BE%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%B8%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85\">\u00a0\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/a>. \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03a4\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03a5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03cd\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5 \u03b2\u03c1\u03ad\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5\u00a0<a title=\"\u0394\u03b9\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BE%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%B8%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85\">\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/a> \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0386\u03c1\u03b7, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ac \u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf \u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03af\u03c3\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 0,2 ppb. \u03a4\u03bf\u03bd \u039c\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf 2013 \u03b2\u03c1\u03ad\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03b4\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03a1\u03cc\u03ba\u03bd\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4 \u0386\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03b5\u03c1\u00a0<a title=\"Curiosity\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Curiosity\"><i>\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1<\/i><\/a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-McAdams13_86-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-McAdams13-86\">[86]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\">\n<p><a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Mars_rotation_simulation_december_2007.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/8\/8f\/Mars_rotation_simulation_december_2007.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"155\" data-file-width=\"160\" data-file-height=\"155\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\">\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0386\u03c1\u03b7 \u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7. \u03a4\u03bf \u03b5\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3><span id=\".CE.9F.CE.BE.CF.85.CE.B3.CF.8C.CE.BD.CE.BF\"><\/span><span id=\"\u039f\u03be\u03c5\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\" class=\"mw-headline\">\u039f\u03be\u03c5\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf 2016 \u03c4\u03bf\u00a0\u03a3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u0391\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03a5\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03c1\u03b7 \u0391\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 (SOFIA)\u00a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b5\u00a0<a title=\"\u0391\u03bb\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03be\u03c5\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\" href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CE%BB%CE%BB%CF%8C%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%BF%CE%BE%CF%85%CE%B3%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%85\">\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bf\u03be\u03c5\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf<\/a> \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0386\u03c1\u03b7,<sup id=\"cite_ref-nasa.gov_87-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7#cite_note-nasa.gov-87\">[87]<\/a><\/sup> \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0391\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0386\u03c1\u03b7 \u0391\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u0392\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1, \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c5\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ae\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03a0\u03ae\u03b4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b6\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u0391\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0386\u03c1\u03b7 \u0395\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0386\u03c1\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae \u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03bf\u03b8\u03cd\u03b5\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bb\u03ae\u03c6\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03a7\u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03bb \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd 28 \u039f\u03ba\u03c4.2005 \u03a3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 [1] \u0394\u03b9\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 &hellip; <\/p>\n<div class=\"more-link-wrapper\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.e-me.edu.gr\/hive-HLIAO\/2020\/08\/02\/157\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;\u0386\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 (\u0391\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1)&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":237062,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[28,20,3,5],"class_list":["post-157","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-1","tag-28","tag-20","tag-3","tag-5"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.e-me.edu.gr\/hive-HLIAO\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/157","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.e-me.edu.gr\/hive-HLIAO\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.e-me.edu.gr\/hive-HLIAO\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.e-me.edu.gr\/hive-HLIAO\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/237062"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.e-me.edu.gr\/hive-HLIAO\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=157"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.e-me.edu.gr\/hive-HLIAO\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/157\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.e-me.edu.gr\/hive-HLIAO\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=157"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.e-me.edu.gr\/hive-HLIAO\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=157"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.e-me.edu.gr\/hive-HLIAO\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=157"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}