{"id":169,"date":"2019-11-07T12:31:47","date_gmt":"2019-11-07T09:31:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.e-me.edu.gr\/kpatsialou\/?p=169"},"modified":"2025-11-24T16:45:48","modified_gmt":"2025-11-24T13:45:48","slug":"3-history-of-metallurgy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.e-me.edu.gr\/kpatsialou\/2019\/11\/07\/3-history-of-metallurgy\/","title":{"rendered":"3.3. \u0397 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u03a4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 <strong>\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c6\u03c5\u03ae \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1<\/strong> (\u03c0.\u03c7. \u03c7\u03c1\u03c5\u03c3\u03cc\u03c2, \u03ac\u03c1\u03b3\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c6\u03c5\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2) <strong>\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u039d\u03b5\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf<\/strong> (6800-3300 \u03c0.\u03a7.). \u03a4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5 (\u03c0.\u03c7. \u03ba\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1) \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b5\u03cd\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c2.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>\u0397 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/strong> (\u03c0.\u03c7. \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd) <strong>\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2\u00a0<\/strong><b>\u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2<\/b> (\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u039d\u03b5\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ae\u03c1\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03bb\u03af\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u03a4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bb\u03ac\u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae, \u03b1\u03bd \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03be\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03ac\u03c1\u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03cd\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 \u03cd\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bf\u03be\u03c5\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 (\u03ae \u03b1\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1), \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u03a3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b2\u03af\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c3\u03b9\u03b4\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03be\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03ac\u03c1\u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"\u03a0\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03c3\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u0398\u03ac\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 \u039c\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\" width=\"760\" height=\"570\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ZBpC44w9yDE?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><b>\u0397 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c9\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/b>, \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03be\u03c5\u03bb\u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03cd\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 \u03cd\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2. <strong>\u0397 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03ae\u03be\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03bb\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf (\u03c0.\u03c7. \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c1\u03ad\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c5\u03b1\u03bb\u03ce\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ae \u03c3\u03ba\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c5\u03ba\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03cc.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>\u0395\u03c5\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bd\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03c4\u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03b9\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd<\/strong> (\u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c9\u00ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd) \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c6\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd <strong>\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u0399\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u039b\u03ad\u03c3\u03b2\u03bf<\/strong> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u00ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03cd\u03c1\u03c9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf 3000-2600 \u03c0.\u03a7. \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf 3700 \u03c0.\u03a7. \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b1.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7 \u039c\u03b5\u03c3\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03ae\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03bc\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd.<\/strong> \u0391\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd <strong>\u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c1\u03c3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\/\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf, \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03be\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03cc \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03ac\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03c3\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2<\/strong>. \u039f \u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03c3\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u00ad\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1, \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039c\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u0395\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd, \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03bc\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b6\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03be\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc. \u0389\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03c1\u03b5\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c6\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03c3\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u2019 \u03cc,\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c7\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03c7\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 <strong>\u03b7 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 7-10%\u00a0<\/strong><b>\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03c3\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5<\/b>\u00a0\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0395\u03b3\u03b3\u03cd\u03c2 \u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2\u00a0<b>\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bb\u03b1\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf<\/b>.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0395\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c0\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c0\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5. \u039c\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae \u03bc\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b6\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 <strong>\u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u201c\u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u201d:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: circle\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b4\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u0395\u03c0\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03af<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u03a4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c0\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc (\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03bb\u03ac\u03ba\u03c9\u03bd)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u0398\u03ad\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 &gt;\u03bb\u03b9\u03ce\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u03a7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u03a8\u03cd\u03be\u03b7, \u03c3\u03ba\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"attachment_280\" style=\"width: 285px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-280\" class=\"wp-image-280 \" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.e-me.edu.gr\/kpatsialou\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/390\/2019\/11\/Hnioxos-186x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"275\" height=\"444\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.e-me.edu.gr\/kpatsialou\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/390\/2019\/11\/Hnioxos-186x300.jpg 186w, https:\/\/blogs.e-me.edu.gr\/kpatsialou\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/390\/2019\/11\/Hnioxos.jpg 260w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 275px) 100vw, 275px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-280\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u0397\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u0394\u03b5\u03bb\u03c6\u03ce\u03bd: \u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u00ab\u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u00bb.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u0394\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b2\u03af\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"\u03a7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ac\" width=\"760\" height=\"570\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/C-eoDaRuvNs?start=420&feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf \u03b2\u03af\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd Renana Aldor &amp; Kobi Vogman \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 stop motion \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 2D animation \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03ba\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u201cHadrian\u201d \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Israel Museum. \u0394\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03b4\u03ce:<br data-start=\"260\" data-end=\"263\" \/><a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/vimeo.com\/159788008?fl=pl&amp;fe=sh\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"263\" data-end=\"302\" data-is-last-node=\"\">https:\/\/vimeo.com\/159788008<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>\u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b6\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Repousse (\u03c1\u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03ad<\/strong>): \u039c\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03c6\u03bf \u03bc\u03bf\u03c4\u03af\u03b2\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03c9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u03a4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03bc\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 <strong>\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u00a0<\/strong><b>\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/b>. \u039f\u03b9 \u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd (\u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1) \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2. \u039f\u03b9 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5. \u03a0\u03c1\u03cc\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c1\u03ac\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd \u03bc\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03ac\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c7\u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c6\u03c5\u03c1\u03af.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div id=\"attachment_174\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-174\" class=\"wp-image-174 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.e-me.edu.gr\/kpatsialou\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/390\/2019\/11\/repousse-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.e-me.edu.gr\/kpatsialou\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/390\/2019\/11\/repousse-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogs.e-me.edu.gr\/kpatsialou\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/390\/2019\/11\/repousse-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/blogs.e-me.edu.gr\/kpatsialou\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/390\/2019\/11\/repousse.jpg 314w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-174\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u03a4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0391\u03b3\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bc\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1. \u0388\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c1\u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03ad. \u0392\u03c1\u03ad\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03c5\u03ba\u03b7\u03bd\u03b1\u03ca\u03ba\u03cc \u03c4\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf (1600 \u03c0.\u03a7.) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u0391\u03c1\u03c7\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u039c\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0391\u03b8\u03ae\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>\u03a3\u03af\u03b4\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2:<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\">\u039f <strong>\u201c\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2\u201d \u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2<\/strong>, \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c3\u03b9\u03b4\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1, \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 <strong>\u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 (&gt;5%)<\/strong>. \u039f\u03b9 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd:<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\">1. \u03c4\u03ae\u03be\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03c3\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c3\u03b9\u03b4\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 <\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\">2. \u03c3\u03c6\u03c5\u03c1\u03b7\u03bb\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03ce, (\u03c3\u03c6\u03c5\u03c1\u03b7\u03bb\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2) \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae \u03c3\u03c6\u03c5\u03c1\u03ae\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>\u039f \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03c4\u03ae\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 1540\u00b0C<\/strong>, \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf 19\u03bf \u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1, \u03b3\u03b9\u2019 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c6\u03c5\u03c1\u03ae\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c6\u03c5\u03c1\u03ae\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5<\/strong>, \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03b9\u03b4\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 1200\u00b0C \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03be\u03c5\u03bb\u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03c5\u03ba\u03bd\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03b3\u03b3\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf. \u03a4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03cd\u03ba\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03b3\u03b3\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c3\u03ba\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bc\u03b1\u03c7\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03ac\u03ba\u03b1\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1, \u03b1\u03bd \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c6\u03c5\u03c1\u03b7\u03bb\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7. <strong>\u0397 \u0395\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a3\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b3\u03cd\u03c1\u03c9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 11\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0.\u03a7.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u0386\u03c1\u03b3\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 <strong>\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039b\u03b1\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/strong> (600-625 \u03c0.\u03a7.), \u03b3\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03cc\u03c1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b3\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03b1\u03c1\u03b3\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5. <strong>\u039f \u03ac\u03c1\u03b3\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd<\/strong> \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b3\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5 <strong>\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c0\u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/strong>. \u039f \u03bc\u03cc\u03bb\u03c5\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c5\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c1\u03ac\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u039a\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b3\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5, \u03bf \u03bc\u03cc\u03bb\u03c5\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c9\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf. \u039f \u03ac\u03c1\u03b3\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9, \u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03cd\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03cc\u03bb\u03c5\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf. <b>\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b3\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03cc\u03bb\u03c5\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c9\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u201c\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03c0\u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2\u201d (cupels), \u03b3\u03b9\u2019 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c0\u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<\/b>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u0394\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9 \u03b2\u03af\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf 17:30 \u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf 18:45.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"\u0394\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 - \u0397 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0391\u03c4\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\" width=\"760\" height=\"428\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/UWGK_fHhXHE?start=1138&feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b3\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039b\u03b1\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf: <a style=\"color: #000000\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ancientgreektechnology.gr\/el\/ta-nea\/item\/18-texnologia-metallou\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u03a4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u039b\u03b1\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>\u0397 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5<\/strong> \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0391\u03af\u03b3\u03c5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf 30 \u03c0.\u03a7., \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03a1\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd <strong>calamine process<\/strong><em>.<\/em> \u0397 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c8\u03b5\u03c5\u03b4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b3\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 (calamine ZnCO<sub>3<\/sub>) \u03ae \u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c8\u03b5\u03c5\u03b4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b3\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03cc. \u0388\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9, \u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03b6\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c8\u03b5\u03c5\u03b4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b3\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf \u039c\u03b5\u03c3\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03bc\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c6\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2.<\/strong> \u039c\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ac\u00ad\u03bc\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03b9\u03b4\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 <strong>pig iron <\/strong>(<strong>\u03bb\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf<\/strong>). <strong>\u0395\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03c7\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c7\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 <\/strong>\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae \u03cc\u03c0\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u2019 \u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf \u03c3\u03c6\u03c5\u03c1\u03ae\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u00ad\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03c9\u00ad\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd. <strong>\u0395\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03c7\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03b2\u03b1<\/strong> \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ac\u03ba\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b7 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c6\u03c5\u03c1\u03ae\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c7\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03b2\u03b1, \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae \u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>\u0397 \u0392\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0395\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong> \u03be\u03b5\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u0392\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03b3\u03cd\u03c1\u03c9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 1750 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03be\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03bd \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 <b>\u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c1\u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03be\u03c5\u03bb\u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03cd\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 \u03cd\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2<\/b> \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u0388\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03bd\u03ad\u03b1 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf <strong>18\u03bf-19\u03bf \u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf<\/strong>, \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u201c\u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u0386\u03c1\u03b3\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u201d <strong>German<\/strong> <strong>Silver<\/strong> (<strong>\u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd, \u03c8\u03b5\u03c5\u03b4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b3\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/strong>).<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u0395\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, <strong>\u03c4\u03bf 19\u03bf \u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c6\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf<\/strong> \u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u03a4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c6\u03c5\u03ae \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 (\u03c0.\u03c7. \u03c7\u03c1\u03c5\u03c3\u03cc\u03c2, \u03ac\u03c1\u03b3\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c6\u03c5\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2) \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u039d\u03b5\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf (6800-3300 \u03c0.\u03a7.). \u03a4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5 (\u03c0.\u03c7. \u03ba\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1) \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b5\u03cd\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd &hellip; <\/p>\n<div class=\"more-link-wrapper\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.e-me.edu.gr\/kpatsialou\/2019\/11\/07\/3-history-of-metallurgy\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;3.3. \u0397 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":5414,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[10],"class_list":["post-169","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-k-3","tag-material-technology"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.e-me.edu.gr\/kpatsialou\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/169","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.e-me.edu.gr\/kpatsialou\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.e-me.edu.gr\/kpatsialou\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.e-me.edu.gr\/kpatsialou\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5414"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.e-me.edu.gr\/kpatsialou\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=169"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.e-me.edu.gr\/kpatsialou\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/169\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.e-me.edu.gr\/kpatsialou\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=169"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.e-me.edu.gr\/kpatsialou\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=169"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.e-me.edu.gr\/kpatsialou\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=169"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}