{"id":1513,"date":"2023-12-06T22:14:24","date_gmt":"2023-12-06T19:14:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.e-me.edu.gr\/hive-europeforall\/?p=1513"},"modified":"2023-12-06T22:14:24","modified_gmt":"2023-12-06T19:14:24","slug":"%ce%b9%cf%84%ce%b1%ce%bb%ce%af%ce%b1-%ce%b9%cf%83%cf%84%ce%bf%cf%81%ce%af%ce%b1-%ce%ba%ce%b1%ce%b9-%cf%80%ce%bf%ce%bb%ce%b9%cf%84%ce%b9%ce%ba%ce%ae","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.e-me.edu.gr\/meliopoulo\/2023\/12\/06\/%ce%b9%cf%84%ce%b1%ce%bb%ce%af%ce%b1-%ce%b9%cf%83%cf%84%ce%bf%cf%81%ce%af%ce%b1-%ce%ba%ce%b1%ce%b9-%cf%80%ce%bf%ce%bb%ce%b9%cf%84%ce%b9%ce%ba%ce%ae\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0399\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u0399\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.e-me.edu.gr\/hive-europeforall\/2023\/12\/06\/%ce%b9%cf%84%ce%b1%ce%bb%ce%af%ce%b1\/\">\u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac<\/a> 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href=\"https:\/\/blogs.e-me.edu.gr\/hive-europeforall\/2023\/12\/06\/%ce%b9%cf%84%ce%b1%ce%bb%ce%af%ce%b1-%ce%bf%ce%b9%ce%ba%ce%bf%ce%bd%ce%bf%ce%bc%ce%af%ce%b1\/\">\u039f\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.e-me.edu.gr\/hive-europeforall\/2023\/12\/06\/%ce%b9%cf%84%ce%b1%ce%bb%ce%af%ce%b1-%ce%b9%cf%83%cf%84%ce%bf%cf%81%ce%af%ce%b1-%ce%ba%ce%b1%ce%b9-%cf%80%ce%bf%ce%bb%ce%b9%cf%84%ce%b9%ce%ba%ce%ae\/\">\u0399\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae<\/a><\/strong> \u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.e-me.edu.gr\/hive-europeforall\/2023\/12\/06\/%ce%b9%cf%84%ce%b1%ce%bb%ce%af%ce%b1-%ce%ba%ce%b1%ce%b8%ce%b7%ce%bc%ce%b5%cf%81%ce%b9%ce%bd%cf%8c%cf%84%ce%b7%cf%84%ce%b1\/\">\u039a\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1<\/a>\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.e-me.edu.gr\/hive-europeforall\/2023\/12\/06\/%ce%b9%cf%84%ce%b1%ce%bb%ce%af%ce%b1-%cf%86%ce%b1%ce%b3%ce%b7%cf%84%ce%ac\/\">\u03a6\u03b1\u03b3\u03b7\u03c4\u03ac<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.e-me.edu.gr\/hive-europeforall\/2023\/12\/06\/%ce%b9%cf%84%ce%b1%ce%bb%ce%af%ce%b1-%cf%80%ce%b1%ce%b9%ce%b4%ce%b9%ce%ac-%ce%ba%ce%b1%ce%b9-%cf%83%cf%87%ce%bf%ce%bb%ce%b5%ce%af%ce%bf\/\">\u03a0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u00a0<\/a> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.e-me.edu.gr\/hive-europeforall\/2023\/12\/06\/%ce%b9%cf%84%ce%b1%ce%bb%ce%af%ce%b1-%cf%87%ce%b1%cf%81%ce%b1%ce%ba%cf%84%ce%b7%cf%81%ce%b9%cf%83%cf%84%ce%b9%ce%ba%ce%ac\/\">\u03a7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac<\/a>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.e-me.edu.gr\/hive-europeforall\/2023\/12\/06\/%ce%b9%cf%84%ce%b1%ce%bb%ce%af%ce%b1-%cf%87%cf%81%ce%b9%cf%83%cf%84%ce%bf%cf%8d%ce%b3%ce%b5%ce%bd%ce%bd%ce%b1\/\">\u03a7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03b1<\/a><\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 296px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"featherlight-image featherlight-inner\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kinderweltreise.de\/fileadmin\/user_upload\/europa\/Italien\/Geschichte\/italien_voelker_eisenzeit.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"296\" height=\"360\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0395\u03b4\u03ce \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9 \u03bb\u03b1\u03bf\u03af \u03b6\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0399\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0395\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a3\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 (10\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0.\u03a7.). \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1, \u03bf\u03b9 \u0395\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b6\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03cc\u03ba\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u0388\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03af\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure style=\"width: 243px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"sFlh5c pT0Scc iPVvYb\" src=\"https:\/\/www.antike-tischkultur.de\/estekeramik3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"243\" height=\"437\" aria-hidden=\"false\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u039a\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u0388\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>\u03a0\u03c1\u03ce\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0399\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03c2: \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bc\u03c0\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u038a\u03c7\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc 1,3 \u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 1,7 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b2\u03c1\u03b5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u0399\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03c2. \u039f \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 (Homo sapiens) \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 44.000 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd, \u03ad\u03b6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03b4\u03ce \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b6\u03af \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u039d\u03b5\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf 6100 \u03c0.\u03a7., \u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03af-\u03c3\u03c5\u03bb\u03bb\u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03b3\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1 - \u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b7 \u03bd\u03b5\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae. \u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03cd\u03c7\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af. \u039f \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ae \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b8\u03ac\u03b2\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5. \u03a3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0392\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03b2\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0388\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 (\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0391\u03c4\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b9\u03ce\u03c2).<\/p>\n<p>\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd 1\u03b7 \u03c7\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0.\u03a7., \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b8\u03bd\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae. \u039f\u03b9 \u0395\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ad\u03c6\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03b3\u03cd\u03c1\u03c9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf 800 \u03c0.\u03a7., \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ae\u03bb\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd. \u039a\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0399\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ac\u03c3\u03ba\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03ae \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03a1\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd. \u039f\u03b9 \u0388\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1 \u0399\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03a3\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03b1. \u039f\u03b9 \u03a6\u03bf\u03af\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03a3\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03b1.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 178px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-file-element\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/c1\/Bronze_crested_helmet_MET_DP251326.jpg\/250px-Bronze_crested_helmet_MET_DP251326.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"178\" height=\"203\" data-file-width=\"2361\" data-file-height=\"2687\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0392\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03b2\u03b1<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 350px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"image-embed-item\" title=\" \" src=\"https:\/\/www.kinderweltreise.de\/fileadmin\/_processed_\/b\/4\/csm_italien_roemisches_reich_117_n_chr_c22ac415b8.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"350\" height=\"209\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0397 \u03a1\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03ca\u03ba\u03ae \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0399\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03c2. \u0389\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1. \u039f \u03c7\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf 117 \u03bc.\u03a7<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>\u0397 \u03a1\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03ca\u03ba\u03ae \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03b8\u03c1\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf 753 \u03c0.\u03a7. \u03a3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b5\u03b4\u03ce \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03cd\u03c7\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ae \u03ba\u03c5\u03b2\u03b5\u03c1\u03bd\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u0395\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2\u00a0 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c2, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b7 \u03a1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b7 \u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b1. \u0394\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03cd\u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2. \u0397 \u03a1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03be\u03ae\u03b3\u03b1\u03b3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bb\u03b1\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b6\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03b3\u03cd\u03c1\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u039c\u03b5\u03c3\u03cc\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd\u03b5 \u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf: \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b7 \u03a1\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03ca\u03ba\u03ae \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1. \u0391\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bc\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039a\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u0395\u03c5\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf 27 \u03c0.\u03a7., \u03b7 \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7-\u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1. \u039f \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf \u0391\u03cd\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2. \u03a5\u03c0\u03ae\u03c1\u03be\u03b1\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ac\u03c7\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1. \u03a4\u03bf\u03bd 3\u03bf \u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1, \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03ad\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf. \u03a4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u0394\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03a1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b7. \u0395\u03bd\u03ce \u03b7 \u0394\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03a1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b7 \u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf 476, \u03b7 \u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03a1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b7 \u03ad\u03b6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c9\u03c2 \u0392\u03c5\u03b6\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 268px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"featherlight-image featherlight-inner\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kinderweltreise.de\/fileadmin\/_processed_\/5\/e\/csm_italien_1494_2e3d90d27f.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"268\" height=\"301\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0399\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf 1494.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>\u0397 \u0399\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u039c\u03b5\u03c3\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u039c\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bb\u03b1\u03ce\u03bd, \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ae\u03c1\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0399\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b9 \u0393\u03cc\u03c4\u03b8\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b9 \u039b\u03bf\u03b3\u03b3\u03bf\u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03b4\u03bf\u03b9. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1, \u03bf \u03b2\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2 \u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a6\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03c9\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a0\u03b9\u03c0\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0391\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03a1\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03ca\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u039f \u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u0386\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd 9\u03bf \u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1. \u038a\u03b4\u03c1\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bc\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03a3\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03b1. \u03a4\u03bf\u03bd 11\u03bf \u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1, \u03bf \u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u039d\u03bf\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2. \u03a4\u03bf \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a3\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf 1131 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c5\u03b2\u03b5\u03c1\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u039d\u03bf\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2. \u0397 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03a7\u03bf\u03b5\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03bf\u03c5\u03c6\u03b5\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03b2\u03ad\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03b4\u03ce \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf 1194 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03c5\u03b2\u03b5\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u0391\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03c5\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03b2\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b8\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf 1268.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf\u03bd 14\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 15\u03bf \u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1, \u03c0\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c5\u03b2\u03ad\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u0399\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b1. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2-\u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039c\u03b9\u03bb\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a6\u03bb\u03c9\u03c1\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0392\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03a0\u03b1\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u039a\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039d\u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 395px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"featherlight-image featherlight-inner\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kinderweltreise.de\/fileadmin\/_processed_\/e\/9\/csm_italien_norditalien_1806_866664def5.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"395\" height=\"316\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u03a4\u03bf 1806, \u03c4\u03bf \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0399\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03bb\u03ac\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf \u03b2\u03cc\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bc\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03be\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03af\u03b1<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0391\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd 16\u03bf \u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac, \u03b7 \u0393\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u0399\u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03b5\u03c1\u03c3\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03bf \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u0391\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03af\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u0399\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2. \u03a4\u03bf 1525, \u03bf\u03b9 \u0399\u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03af \u03ba\u03ad\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ac\u03c7\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03b2\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1 \u0399\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u039b\u03bf\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03af\u03b1.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b2\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03ac, \u03b7 \u0395\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u0386\u03bb\u03c0\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u0393\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b4\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 18\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc \u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03ae. \u03a0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u039c\u03b9\u03bb\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf. \u039f \u039d\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c6\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ac\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0399\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf 1805. \u03a3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b7 \u0399\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ae\u03bb\u03b8\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf. \u03a3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03bf, \u03c4\u03bf \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039d\u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a3\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 242px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"image-embed-item\" title=\" \" src=\"https:\/\/www.kinderweltreise.de\/fileadmin\/_processed_\/8\/2\/csm_italien_koenig_viktor_emanuel_ii_d04574e845.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"242\" height=\"328\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u039f \u0392\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03c9\u03c1 \u0395\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03ae\u03bb \u0392' \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ac\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a3\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03b7\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2-\u03a0\u03b9\u03b5\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf 1849 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ac\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0399\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf 1861 \u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf 1878.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>\u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0399\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 (1861-1946)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u038c\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03b8\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0399\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd 19\u03bf \u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1. \u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc \u03c9\u03c2 Risorgimento, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7. \u0397 \u0399\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03be\u03ae\u03b3\u03b1\u03b3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 (1848\/49, 1859 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 1866). \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a3\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03b7\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf 1860, \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u0393\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03b9\u03b6\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5 \u0393\u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03c0\u03ac\u03bb\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03a3\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u0392\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b2\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd (\"\u03a4\u03c1\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c7\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd\"). \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ac\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a3\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03b7\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2-\u03a0\u03b9\u03b5\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf 1849 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf \u0392\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03c9\u03c1 \u0395\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03ae\u03bb \u0392', \u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b7\u03c1\u03cd\u03c7\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ac\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0399\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u039c\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 1861. \u0393\u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0399\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf \u0392\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03a6\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf 1866, \u03b7 \u03a1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf 1870 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03b1\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03a0\u03b1\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u039a\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7 \u03ad\u03c0\u03b1\u03c8\u03b1\u03bd \u03ad\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd. \u039c\u03cc\u03bb\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf 1929 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0392\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039b\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd. \u0397 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0392\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03c5\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03b7 \u03a1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5 \u03b7 \u03ad\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c5\u03b2\u03ad\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0399\u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03ae \u03c4\u03b7 \u0393\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03af\u03b1, \u03b7 \u0399\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae. \u0397 \u0395\u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 \u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5 \u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf 1890, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u039b\u03b9\u03b2\u03cd\u03b7 \u03bf\u03b4\u03ae\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bb\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf 1934. \u0397 \u0399\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03ba\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b4\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03cc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03c8\u03b7\u03c6\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \"Irredenta\", \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a4\u03c1\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03bf, \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0394\u03b1\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u038a\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 350px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"image-embed-item\" title=\"Mussolini in Mailand 1930\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kinderweltreise.de\/fileadmin\/_processed_\/8\/7\/csm_italien_mussolini_in_mailand_a88faab58d.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"350\" height=\"248\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u039f \u039c\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u039c\u03b9\u03bb\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf 1930<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>\u039f \u03a0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03a0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03a0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2, \u03bf \u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u0394\u03b5\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03a0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03a0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0399\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b1<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03a0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03bf 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\u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0399\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03b2\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 (\u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u038a\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2), \u03c4\u03bf \u039d\u03cc\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf \u03a4\u03b9\u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03a4\u03c1\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03bf.<\/p>\n<p>\u0391\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ac \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5. \u03a4\u03bf 1919 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf 1920, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c9\u03b8\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a3\u03bf\u03b2\u03b9\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u0388\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u0394\u03b5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd. \u039f \u039c\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03af\u03c4\u03bf \u039c\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b9 \u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03c5\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c7\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd, \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \"Fasci di Combattimento\". \u038a\u03b4\u03c1\u03c5\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u0395\u03b8\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03a6\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u039a\u03cc\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1 PNF \u03c4\u03bf 1921 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03bf \u03c3\u03c9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0399\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u039f \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ac\u03c2 \u0392\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03c9\u03c1 \u0395\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03ae\u03bb \u0393' \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u039c\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03ad\u03b1 \u03ba\u03c5\u03b2\u03ad\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7. \u039c\u03b5 40.000 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b2\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03a1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b7, \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c6\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 30 \u039f\u03ba\u03c4\u03c9\u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 1922. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c6\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2. \u039f \u039c\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03c5\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0399\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b1.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf 1935, \u03bf \u039c\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b9 \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03ad\u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0391\u03b2\u03b7\u03c3\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 (\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae \u0391\u03b9\u03b8\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b1\u03b2\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1. \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0392' \u03a0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b7 \u0399\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03a1\u03ac\u03b9\u03c7. \u03a4\u03bf 1943, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03a3\u03cd\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c7\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03ad\u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0399\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u039c\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03ad\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1, \u03b7 \u0392\u03cc\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u0399\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ae\u03c6\u03b8\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u039c\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03bb\u03b8\u03b5 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b5\u03af. \u039f\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ac\u03c7\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0399\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf 1945. \u039f \u0392\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03c9\u03c1 \u0395\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03ae\u03bb \u0393\u0384 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ac\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0399\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf 1900.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 277px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"image-embed-item\" title=\" \" src=\"https:\/\/www.kinderweltreise.de\/fileadmin\/_processed_\/3\/b\/csm_Giuseppe_Conte_Italien_0b4fca0863.jpg\" alt=\" \" width=\"277\" height=\"389\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u039f Guiseppe Conte \u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03b8\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0399\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf 2018. \u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 Partito Democratico.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>\u0397 \u0399\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 (\u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf 1946) - \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0399\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0394\u03b5\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03a0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf \u03a0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf, \u03b7 \u0399\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b1\u03c3\u03b5 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2. \u039f \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ac\u03c2, \u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039f\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf \u0392'. \u03a3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c8\u03ae\u03c6\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 1946 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b1\u03c2. \u039f \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ac\u03c2 \u039f\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf \u0392' \u03c0\u03ae\u03b3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1. \u0388\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bd\u03ad\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03ad\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd.<\/p>\n<p>\u0388\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c5\u03b2\u03b5\u03c1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0399\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b6\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac. \u03a4\u03bf \u03c7\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b2\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03ac-\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 (\u03b2\u03bb. \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1), \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03ad\u03b3\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1, \u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03bf, \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03b7 \u0399\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5. \u0397 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7.<\/p>\n<p>\u039c\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf 1990, \u03c4\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1 Demokrazia Cristiana \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03b2\u03ad\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7. \u0391\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf 1994, \u03bf \u03a3\u03af\u03bb\u03b2\u03b9\u03bf \u039c\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03b8\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c2. \u03a4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf \u039c\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u039c\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9, \u03bf \u0395\u03bd\u03c1\u03af\u03ba\u03bf \u039b\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u039c\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03bf \u03a1\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9.<\/p>\n<p>\u039f \u039c\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03bf \u03a1\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1 PD \u03b5\u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2. \u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03af\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf 2016 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03cd\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ce\u03be\u03b5\u03b9.<\/p>\n<p>\u039f Paolo Gentiloni \u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5 \u03bf \u03bd\u03ad\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03b8\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0399\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0394\u03b5\u03ba\u03ad\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 2016 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd Guiseppe Conte \u03c4\u03bf 2018. \u039a\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf PD. \u039f \u039a\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03a6\u03b5\u03b2\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 2021, \u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03cd \u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03c8\u03b7\u03c6\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03b2\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf. \u039f \u039c\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u039d\u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03ba\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bb\u03b1\u03b2\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u039f\u03ba\u03c4\u03ce\u03b2\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 2022.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 2022 \u03ba\u03ad\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1 Fratelli d'Italia, \u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03be\u03b9\u03ac. \u03a0\u03c1\u03c9\u03b8\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5 \u03b7 \u03a4\u03b6\u03cc\u03c1\u03c4\u03b6\u03b9\u03b1 \u039c\u03b5\u03bb\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u00a0 \u00a0 \u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03af\u03bb \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u03a7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u0386\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9 \u00a0\u00a0 \u0396\u03ce\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u039f\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0399\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u00a0 \u039a\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u03a6\u03b1\u03b3\u03b7\u03c4\u03ac \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u03a0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u03a7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 &hellip; 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